ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The effect of aging on the female reproductive performance in Drosophila melanogaster
Female age influence on male reproductive performance and also female fitness traits. The male recorded such as courtship activities, mating latency, copulation duration, and female fitness traits, such as, fecundity, has been used from isofemale lines of Drosophila melanogaster. The female age including, 2-3 days aged old (young aged), 17-18 days aged old (middle aged) and 31-32 days aged old (old aged) mated with virgin male (5-6 days aged old) that all of the flies were exposure of middle temperature (22°c). The results of SPSS software analyzed that in almost all of experimental young aged old had significantly level than middle and old age. Courtship activities elements, in young age female were greater than middle and old age, when mated with young age male. This variability suggests that parental age effected on the male reproductive performance and female fitness traits. Therefore, the female age specific possibility occurrence on reproductive access as follows by: young aged> middle aged>old aged.
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_13813_7b349beaff734394e775b5d408937efd.pdf
2013-04-01
1
9
10.21608/eajbsa.2013.13813
Drosophila melanogaster
female fitness traits
male age reproductive performance
Longitudinal studies
Fatemeh
Tavakkoli
fateme_tavakkoli84@yahoo.com
1
Drosophila stock center, Department of Zoology-Mysore University, India
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Relationship between temperature and some biological aspects and biochemical of Earias insulana (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: noctuidae)
The experiments were carried out under controlled conditions of temperatures (16, 21, 26, 32 and 37 ± 1ºC) and relative humidity 65-70 % R.H. to study the temperature effect on some biological aspects and biochemical of Earias insulana field strain when reared on okra pods. The incubation period of E. insulana eggs was 12.45 days at 16ºC. But on 37 ºC it shortened to 1.10 days. Larval duration decreased as temperature increased when reared on okra pods. Similar trend was recorded for pupal duration. Generation period lasted 38.27 days on 21 ºC but it shortened to 17.4 days on 32 ºC. The thresholds of development (To) were 15.95, 14.41, 13.32, 17.63 and 12.85 ºC for eggs, larvae, pupae, pre- oviposition and generation period of E. insulana, respectively. While, the average of thermal units required to complete the developmental stages were 23.15, 131.33, 90.79, 20.83 and 346.19 DD̉s, respectively, when reared on okra pods. The total eggs laid by female high significantly affected by all temperatures. The highest number of eggs laid at 26 followed by 21ºCbinge 273.66 and 208.00 eggs/female. The low and high temperatures caused the highest reduction in total lipid and protein. The reduction in total lipid and protein caused reduction in the fecundity and fertility of E. insulana adult female.
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_13814_4cfabeea52abf5ad5a4ee09cc1458319.pdf
2013-04-01
11
20
10.21608/eajbsa.2013.13814
Earias insulana (Boisd.)
Temperature
development and Biochemical
Kandil
A.
1
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki- Giza, Egyp
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Various Kinds of Dietary Proteins In Semi – Artificial Diets on the Mulberry Silkworm Bombyx mori L.
Larvae of Bombyx mori were reared on various kinds of dietary protein (soybean, mushroom and mixture of them) using semi-artificial diet. Larvae fed on semi-artificial diet containing soybean all over the 5th instar larvae gave the highest records on the larval duration, weights of larvae, silk gland, pupa, cocoon and cocoon shell, as well as number of deposited eggs. The same diet gave the lowest mortality percentages. The lower weights were calculated from larvae fed on mushroom diet. Insignificant differences were recorded on the pupal stage duration. Same trend of results were indicated for the larvae fed on the same materials till the 5th day of the last instars then fed on natural diet.
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_13815_3a7dfe5122d88cecbbea0efdb5f4682c.pdf
2013-04-01
21
26
10.21608/eajbsa.2013.13815
Bombyx mori
Mona
Mahmoud
1
Dep. of Sericulture, Plant Protection Res. Institute, ARC, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Relation between the anatomical characters of five different cucumber cultivars leaves and Tetranychus urticae koch (acarina: actenididea: tetranychidae:) infestation under filed conditions
The relative population densities of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acarina: Actenidida : Tetranychidae) movable stages infesting leaves of five cucumber cultivars (Impress F1, Yaaqube, Prince 3, Madina 2 and Sahm) during 2009 and 2010 seasons was investigated at Qalyubia Governorate. The results indicated significant differences between the tested cultivars in their relative susceptibility to T. urticae infestation. In the two tested seasons the five cucumber cultivars were grouped into four groups, as the highly infested cultivars were Impress F1 and Yaaqybe while the lowest infested group included Sahm cultivar, which was characterized by somewhat the thickest layer of the upper & lower epidermis and palisade tissue and the thinnest layer of spongy tissues. While, leaves of Impress manifested approximately the thinnest layers of the upper & lower epidermis and palisade tissue) and the largest diameter of Spongy tissue. Insignificant negative correlation coefficient values were calculated between the mean abundance of T. urticae individuals infesting different cultivars and the relation of thickness of the upper & lower epidermis, and palisade tissues while the relation with the spongy layers was positive i.e., cultivars characterized by thicker layers of the previously mentioned three layers were less susceptible to this pest infestation and subsequently, infested by fewer population of the two spotted spider mite and vice versa.
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_13816_8d5f68e4f72df7916ef68cb3a55616f8.pdf
2013-04-01
27
34
10.21608/eajbsa.2013.13816
Cucumber
cultivars
Tetranychus urticae
susceptibility
anatomy of leaves
resistance
Aziza
Abou-Zaid
1
Plant Protection Research Institute, (ARC). Dokki, Giza.Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Leaf-litter insects at Amani Nature Reserve, Tanzania: A comparative analysis
Within a forest, the spatial variation in leaf litter composition is expected to affect both the density and diversity of leaf litter insects. In this study, a comparison of insect community structure in the leaf litter has been conducted between three habitats at Amani Nature Reserve: Bamboo shrubs (Bambuseae), gum trees (Eucalyptus sp.) and camphor trees (Cinnamomum camphora). A total number of 1919 individuals were collected from pitfall traps and 658 species from quadrate plots. Collected specimens were found to represent 8 different orders: Blattodea, Coleoptera, Collembolan, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenopter, Orthoptera and Thysanura. Diptera had the highest abundance in the overall collection. Statistical analysis did not detect a significant difference in insect composition between the three leaf litter habitats. Likewise, the depth of litter material had no significant influence on insect composition. Furthermore, no significant difference in insect composition was detected between day and night collections. Overall, these results suggest that the community of leaf litter insects at Amani Nature Reserve is characterized by considerable stability against spatial and temporal environmental fluctuations.
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_13817_022fa70e4494260e371016aef99a6801.pdf
2013-04-01
35
42
10.21608/eajbsa.2013.13817
biodiversity
Tropical rain forest
leaf litter insects
Bambuseae
Eucalyptus
Cinnamomum camphora
Esra
Elfaki
remma94@gmail.com
1
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 321, Postal Code 11115, Sudan.
AUTHOR
Francisca
Malembeka
2
Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania
AUTHOR
Alex
Johnson
3
Birdlife International Liberia
AUTHOR
Shombe
Hassan
4
Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania
AUTHOR
Eihab
Idris
5
Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Ant diversity at Sunut forest, Khartoum, Sudan
Due to their scientific value as bioindicators, assessment of ant diversity is an important target of biological diversity research, especially in regions where conservation threats are substantial. In this paper, we present a preliminary investigation of the ant fauna at Sunut forest which is a natural forest located in the middle of Khartoum city, the capital of Sudan. Due to its location, the habitat at Sunut forest is increasingly threatened by human activities. Our goal is to provide a database to serve as a guide for future management and conservation research taking place at this forest. During the study period (May, June and July 2012), ten species of ants were collected and classified. The ant collection contained species with different habitat preferences, indicating that the environment at Sunut forest is highly heterogeneous.
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_13818_02a4ca97587d120328be2c56598cd6d1.pdf
2013-04-01
43
46
10.21608/eajbsa.2013.13818
biodiversity
Bioindicators
Environmental monitoring
habitat disturbance
Ant community
Formicidae
Reeham
Magboul
reeham12@hotmail.com
1
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum. P.O. Box 321, Postal Code 11115, Khartoum, Sudan
AUTHOR
Awatif
Khider
2
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum. P.O. Box 321, Postal Code 11115, Khartoum, Sudan
AUTHOR
Eihab
Idris
3
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum. P.O. Box 321, Postal Code 11115, Khartoum, Sudan
AUTHOR
Tigani
Alam
4
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum. P.O. Box 321, Postal Code 11115, Khartoum, Sudan
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Biodiversity and seasonal fluctuation of aquatic and semiaquatic insects in Rashid stream, kafr El Zayat (Gharbyia governorate)
Rashid branch of NileRiver is a principle stream in Kafr El Zayat (Gharbyia governorate) for drinking and irrigation to different essential crops. Five stations were selected for seasonal collection, resulted in 539 specimens, belonging to 7 orders and 22 families and 31 species. The total population density was higher during Spring (41.9%), then in Summer (25.1). Order Diptera was the most abundant (33.8%), represented by 5 families (Chironomidae, Culicidae, Ephydridae, Tabanidae & Stratiomyiidae) with the highest value during Spring season; then order Hemiptera (19.5%), represented by 5 families (Blestomatidae, Croxidae, Mesovillidae, Villidae & Notonectidae) with the highest value also during Spring season; followed by order Coleoptera (16.9%) with 6 families (Hydrophylidae, Dytiscidae, Noteridae, Hydranaeidae, Curculionidae & Staphylinidae), the highest representation was during Summer season; then order Odonata (16.7%), 2 families (Libellulidae & Coenagrionidae) , the highest representation was during Spring; order Ephemeroptera (9.5%), 2 families ( Baetidae & Caenidae), the highest value was during Spring; lastly order Trichoptera and Orthoptera each with one family during Summer and Winter respectively. Family Tridactylidae and Staphylinidae are collected for the first time from streams in Egypt. Tables, Figures, Keys, diagnosis and notes on habitat, in addition to detailed colored photographs with diagnostic features to all collected species were introduced to facilitate the correct identification that permits the utilization of these aquatic insects as bioindicators in monitoring programs for reflecting the ecological contents and pollution level of aquatic ecosystem along this stream.
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_13819_9c6a35e5285ea0b0f8993954c964fcd2.pdf
2013-04-01
47
66
10.21608/eajbsa.2013.13819
Aquatic insects
Biosystematic
Identification keys & Colored images
Rawda
Badawy
1
Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Iman
El Hoseny
2
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Gharbyia, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Talal
3
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Gharbyia, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Aposematic polymorphism in the tropical butterfly Danaus chrysippus: A review
In theory, the selective attacks by experienced predators are expected to drive aposematic prey species towards colour monomorphism because mutant individuals with divergent colour forms will not be recognized as distasteful and thus will be targeted by predators. The tropical butterfly Danaus chrysippus represents a notable exception to this rule since it is aposematic but shows extensive colour pattern polymorphism in the region of East and Central Africa. In this paper, we present a critical review of the various hypotheses that were suggested to explain the origin and maintenance of colour polymorphism in D. chrysippus. Three different approaches to this problem were revised and criticized: first, that polymorphism is a non-adaptive consequence of past geographic isolation that resulted in the formation of a hybrid zone, second, that polymorphism represents an evolutionary escape route when an aposematic colour form is heavily loaded by batesian mimics and third, that polymorphism is maintained because D. chrysippus is subjected to spatially and temporally variable Müllerian selection as a result of recurrent population extinctions in the mimetic Acraea species, driven by the spread of the male-killing Wolbachia bacterium. It has been argued that the three hypotheses are not mutually exclusive; alternatively, each hypothesis targets a distinct problem and exploits a distinct set of key observations. The study concluded that the final solution to the long standing problem of aposematic polymorphism in D. chrysippus might be achieved through the adoption of a pluralistic approach that integrates all the three hypotheses.
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_13820_0427d47d3eb2fced0781cfff293cea63.pdf
2013-04-01
67
78
10.21608/eajbsa.2013.13820
Hybrid zone, Müllerian mimicry
Batesian mimicry
Metapopulation dynamics
Spiroplasma
Acraea
Africa
Eihab
Idris
eihabidriss@gmail.com
1
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 321, Postal Code 11115, Khartoum, Sudan.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Individual Variations in Phlebotomus papatasi Collected from Different Localities in Saudi Arabia
A method of typing Phlebotomus taxa in three areas in Saudi Arabia (Riyadh, Madinah and Asir) using morphological characteristics revealed that the phlebotomine species is Phlebotomus papatasi. This identification was confirmed by establishing a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct partial sequences of 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene using specific designed Primers SandF1:5′-AGGCTCATTCAGTCGCTTTC-3′ and SandR1:5′-TGCAAGCTTATGACTCACACTT-3′. Morphological individual variations were also observed among some collected specimens. Nevertheless, genetic analysis confirmed that these specimens were also P. papatasi. PCR-amplified amplicons using ChromasPro. MEGA 5 program and neighbor joining (NJ) methods revealed several direct sequences for P. papatasi that were submitted in GenBank under the accession number JQ929125. In conclusion, the obtained results establish a powerful tool for the molecular taxonomy of Phlebotomus spp. in endemic areas to plan appropriate epidemiological surveillance programs that could be used to detect natural infections of sand fly vectors with pathogens.
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_13821_79c3cc739b221323fbfaafb6cb1b18e6.pdf
2013-04-01
79
88
10.21608/eajbsa.2013.13821
Phlebotomine sand flies
PCR
18S ribosomal RNA gene
direct sequences
morphological characters
molecular characters
Taxonomy
Reem
Al-Ajmi
1
Department of Zoology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Description of a new species of the genus Coccygidium de Saussure,1982 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae) from Saudi Arabia.
Coccygidium hebabi sp. nov., (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Agathidinae) is described from Saudi Arabia. Morphological diagnostic characters of the new species were figured and compared with those of the related species Coccygidium arabica Ghramh, 2011.
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_13822_6232e46cbab552de06ce30a106588ec9.pdf
2013-04-01
89
92
10.21608/eajbsa.2013.13822
Coccygidium hebabi sp. nov
Coccygidium arabica Garamah
new species, Saudi Arabia, Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Agathidinae
Hamed
Ghramh
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O.Box- 9004, ABHA- 61413. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR