Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
1687-8809
2090-0813
1
2
2008
12
01
Biochemical effects of potato irradiation on potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella Zeller (Lepidoptera – Gelechiidae)
1
11
EN
Iman
M.
Haiba
National Center for Radiation Research and Technology
Mona
F.
Abd-El Aziz
Benha Univ. Faculty of Science, Entomol. Department
10.21608/eajbsa.2008.15723
Effect of gamma radiation on the whole body contents of nutritional materials was investigated for potato tuber moth, <em>Phthorimaea operculella</em> Zeller, fed on irradiated potato tubers. The statistical analysis of the data indicated that the quantities of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids in the whole body of the adults of<em> Ph. operculella</em> were affected significantly. There was a correlation with their changes in the potato tubers; as a significant decrease in protein and carbohydrate contents was recorded for potato tubers and both male and female moths at most doses. Although lipid was recorded as a trace amount in both non-irradiated and irradiated potatoes it was significantly increased in males fed on irradiated potatoes at all doses. While a significant decrease in lipid contents at lower doses (50 and 70 Gy) was recoded , a significant increase at higher doses (100, 150 and 200 Gy) was noticed in case of females. The total body weight of insects was affected directly with the increase in the dose of potato irradiation
Phthorimaea operculella,potato tubers,gamma radiation,biochemical component,protein,lipid and carbohydrate
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15723.html
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15723_ed14a32b062792c616be8de742d804f2.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
1687-8809
2090-0813
1
2
2008
12
01
Effect of flufenoxuron on the antennal sensilla of Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
13
25
EN
Nasra
M.H.
Zohry
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag, South Valley University, Egypt
10.21608/eajbsa.2008.15725
In the presentstudy, the effect of flufenoxuron on the sensory organ in the antenna of <em>Spodoptera littoralis</em> was showed after feeding of the 3<sup>rd </sup>larval instars for 24 hrs. on treated castor been leaves with Lc<sub>50</sub> . Each adult antenna, male and female of untreated and treated group is divided into about 77-82 segment like annuli; and each segment is divided into a sensory region containing the olfactory sensilla and a largely non-sensory region containing scales and a very small number of sensory structures.
Six types of sensilla were found on the antenna of adult <em>S.</em> <em>littoralis</em>: by scanning electron microscopy. These sensilla were trichoidae, chaetica, coeloconica, taste rod, sensilla auricillica and squamiforms.
Two types of sexually dimorphic trichoidae were found; Type I is in the peripheral of the sensory field of the flagellar segments and present only on male antennae. This suggests that the sensillum may contain the receptor sites for the female sex pheromone. Type II is located within the ventromedial sensillar field of male and female where they are arranged without apparent pattern.
Six mechanoreceptive sensilla chaetica on each segment of male and female were particularly abundant on the apical antennal segment.
Each flagellar segment bears several sensilla coeloconica on the ventral surface of the antennae. Each sensillum consists of a depression surrounded by 15 to 17 teeth and one peg.
There was a single sensillum taste rod on each segment. There is one of these sensilla at each segment in both male and female. On the terminal segment there were two sensilla joined.
Sensilla auricillica were found on both male and female. These sensilla usually had a typical rabbit ear shape.
The squamiform sensilla are found on both male and female on the dorsal part of the antenna among the scales.
The study revealed that LC<sub>50</sub> of flufenoxuron caused the formation of abnormal antennae and effect the length and distribution of the sensilla.
antennal sensilla,Lepidoptera,Noctuidae,Insect Growth Regulators
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15725.html
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15725_e8d8b91c2a3bcdb71fcaf4b32e2fa000.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
1687-8809
2090-0813
1
2
2008
12
01
Neurotoxic effect of spinetoram on Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) Larvae
27
36
EN
Laila
S.
Hamouda
Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt
laila.hamouda@hotmail.com
Hassan
F.
Dahi
Plant Protec. Res. Instit., Agric. Res. Center, El Dokki, Giza, Egypt
10.21608/eajbsa.2008.15726
The present study was conducted to evaluate the neurotoxic effect of spinetoram on <em>Spodoptera littoralis</em> (Boisd.) larvae. Testing different concentrations of this green chemical compound against 4<sup>th</sup> instar larvae showed that spinetoram is a fairly toxic with LC<sub>50</sub> (1.11 ppm). Its neurotoxicity was manifested as evident histopathological changes in the structure of neurosecretory (NSCs) and ordinary nerve cells (NCs) of suboesophageal ganglion (SOG) of this pest after treatment with LC<sub>50</sub> of this compound.
Photo and electron micrographs of suboesophageal ganglion (SOG) of treated <em>S.littoralis</em> larvae with LC<sub>50 </sub>of spinetoram showed aggregation of neurosecretory granules in the oval, triangle and irregular shaped neurosecretory cells but not in the round shaped cells. Also, the SOG of treated larvae showed an apparent vacuolization and increase in the size of cytoplasm, abundance and aggregation of mitochondria in nerve cells and all kinds of NSCs (round, irregular, triangle and oval) and the appearance of multivesicular bodies in the cytoplasm of neurosecretory cells.
Spodoptera littoralis - Spinetoram - Suboesophageal Ganglion,Ultrastructure - Neurosecretion
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15726.html
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15726_5725be96d7a042c462072c1e2fa4a18f.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
1687-8809
2090-0813
1
2
2008
12
01
Toxicity determination and hypoglycaemic effect of neem biopesticide on the grass carp “Ctenopharyngodon idella
37
49
EN
Hamdy
M. A.
Hassanein
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
Hanan
A.
Okail
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
10.21608/eajbsa.2008.15729
The objective of this study was to determine the toxicity of the neem biopesticide (Triology); extracted from the neem tree, <em>Azadirachta indica; </em>on the grass carp fish “<em>Ctenopharyngodon idella</em> as well as investigation its hypoglycaemic effect on liver carbohydrates content and plasma glucose levels.
The obtained results showed that exposing the fish to gradual concentrations (ranged from 20 to 180 mg/l) of this toxicant has led to abnormal symbtoms of the fish. These were charachterized by loss of balance, with an initial increase in the opercular ventilation rates which then decreased significantly. Moreover, darkening of the exposed fish, erratic swimming, and respiratory distress were observed prior to death. However, the calculated 96 h LC<sub>50</sub> of this pesticide was112 mg/l.
For investigation of the hypoglycaemic effect, fish were divided to three groups:
(i) Fish were exposed to 1/10 LC<sub>50</sub> (11.2 mg/L) of the pesticide for 15 day, then sampled after intervals of 5, 10 and 15 days post exposure which followed by 10 days recovery, then sampled after intervals of 5 and 10 days. (ii) Fish were exposed to 1/2 LC<sub>50</sub> (56 mg/L) of neem pesticide for 6 days, then they were sampled after successive intervals of 2, 4 and 6 days of exposure followed by 6 days recovery where fish were sampled after intervals of 3 and 6 days. (iii) control group.
The results revealed that general carbohydrates; as illustrated by PAS-reaction in the liver; were subjected to gradual and marked reductions after different time intervals of exposure. At the end of recovery period, an improvement in the liver carbohydrate contents could be observed. Furthermore, the present investigations suggested that the two different treatments of <em>C. idella </em> with Triology have induced marked reduction in plasma glucose. However, during the both 2 recovery periods, the fish groups did not show complete recovery.
The data suggests that <em>A. indica</em> could be of benefit in diabetes mellitus in controlling the blood sugar or may also be helpful in preventing or delaying the onset of the disease.
Neem – A indica – biopesticide – Ctenopharyngodon idella – carbohydrates – hypoglycaemia
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15729.html
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15729_35693d5b8df3e752100f3f7dbe3cae8e.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
1687-8809
2090-0813
1
2
2008
12
01
Biochemical changes in proteins and DNA in Ctenopharyngodon idella in response to treatment with the biopesticide "Triology®".
51
64
EN
Hamdy
M. A.
Hassanein
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
Hanan
A.
Okail
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
10.21608/eajbsa.2008.15731
This work was planned to study the biochemical effects of neem biopesticide "Triology<sup>®</sup>" on plasma albumin, plasma total protein, heat shock protein70, and DNA content in liver of the fresh water fish, <em>"Ctenopharyngodon idella"</em>
Fish were divided into 3 groups. The first group was exposed to 1/10 LC<sub>50</sub> (11.2 mg/L) of the pesticide "neem". Fish were sampled at intervals of 5, 10 and 15 days post exposure. Some fish were left for recovery, and sampled at the intervals of 5 and 10 days. The second group was exposed to 1/2 LC<sub>50</sub> (56 mg/L) of the pesticide and were sampled after successive intervals of 2, 4 and 6 days of exposure. Some fish were left for recovery, and sampled after the intervals of 3 and 6 days. The third group served as control.
The biochemical results revealed a great decline in plasma albumin, plasma total protein, and DNA content in the liver, as well as an enhancement of hsp70 gene which translated to increased amounts of heat shock protein (hsp70) in the neem-treated groups. The recovery studies showed a partial to complete recovery in the investigated parameters, but not in the same manner.
Neem,Triology®,Liver,Ctenopharyngodon idella,heat shock protein ( hsp70 ),plasma albumin,plasma total protein,DNA
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15731.html
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15731_24d620afa4858976b64a6c5ca7aa517f.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
1687-8809
2090-0813
1
2
2008
12
01
Role of Carboxyamidase in the in vivo metabolism of Chlorfluazuron in the Black Cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hfn.) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae)
65
70
EN
Adel
Ramzy
Fahmy
Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University
Cairo 11566, Egypt
arfahmy@link.net
10.21608/eajbsa.2008.15733
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP), a carboxylesterase<br />inhibitor, has synergized chlorfluazuron in the resistant strain of the black<br />cutworm but not in the susceptible strain. <em>In vivo</em> metabolism of <sup>14</sup>C<br />– chlorfluazuron revealed that the amount of radiolabeled major metabolites<br />(2,6 – difluorobenzoic acid and 2,6 – difluorobenzamide) recovered from<br />resistant larvae was four times higher<br />than susceptible larvae. Addition of TPP did not affect chlorfluazuron metabolism<br />pattern in the susceptible insects but it caused a significant reduction of the<br />amount of detected metabolites in the resistant insects. Cleavage of<br />chlorfluazuron molecule took place at one or both of the urea C-NH-C bonds which suggests the responsibility of<br />carboxyamidase enzyme for chlorfluazuron metabolism. <em>In vitro</em> assays<br />revealed that carboxyamidase activity was about four times higher in the<br />resistant larvae than the susceptible ones which supports the hypothesis of the<br />involvement of carboxyamidase in chlorfluazuron resistance in this insect pest.
black cutworm – chlorfluazuron – in vivo degradation – carboxyamidase
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15733.html
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15733_9384ab1254ffd19864154907ae59161d.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
1687-8809
2090-0813
1
2
2008
12
01
Mathematical Modeling of Occurrence and Population Density of Predatory Spider and Their Preys on Cotton Plants and Broad Bean in Two Governorates in Egypt
71
84
EN
Nehad
M.
El-Barkey
Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University
Ahmed
M.
Kamal
Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams university
10.21608/eajbsa.2008.15736
The research presents a mathematical simulation of three kinds of pests and their predator for two plants: Cotton and broad bean. The study was applied in two regions in Egypt representing Upper Egypt and Delta. The study is based on similar field experimental results during the two successive years 2003-2004, 2004-2005 in Qaha station- Qalubia governorate and seds station–Beni sweif governorate.
Four models are introduced according to the plant and the geographical regions. The data were fitted to continuous curves to enable the process of predicting the number of each kind of the involved species. Many functions are suggested to describe the effect of temperature and relative humidity on population. However, for particular plant in particular area, only narrow ranges occur for both temperature and humidity. A process of smoothing the data was necessary to avoid the very extreme points of sudden increase (due to migration or eggs hatching) which can not be taken into account in a mathematical model. After smoothing the data, a least square method was used to fit the points to continuous curves. Then an algorithm has been made aiming to predict the number of the preys and predator at any time by knowing the initial state of each of them.
The modeling for anticipating the expected number of spiders and preys for the different months was achieved using a Microsoft Visual Studio program. Four models are constructed and they have been shown to be easy for users. A calibration for the model was examined using a comparison study between field and model results, and a reasonable matching was observed.
Mathematical Modeling,Spiders,preys,Temperature,relative humidity
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15736.html
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15736_a83d799ac508308964ee90b90c8b2a8b.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
1687-8809
2090-0813
1
2
2008
12
01
Toxicicological evaluation and biochemical impacts for radient as a new generation of spinosyn on Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) larvae
85
97
EN
Nehad
M.
Elbarky
Entomology Department-Faculty of Science Benha University
Hassan
F.
Dahi
Plant Protection Research Institute
Yasser
A.
El-Sayed
Entomology Department-Faculty of Science Benha University
10.21608/eajbsa.2008.15738
Radiant SC12% (Spinetoram) is a new generation of spinosyn group. Effect of this bio-insecticide against larvae of <em>Spodoptera littoralis</em> (Boisd) was studied to evaluate the susceptibility of 2<sup>nd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> larval instars in laboratory. The LC<sub>50</sub> of radiant was 0.05 and 0.03 ppm. After 24 and 48 hours, respectively for the 2<sup>nd</sup> larval instars. Where the LC<sub>50</sub> were 6.67 and 2.86 ppm after 24 and 48 hours, respectively for the 4<sup>th</sup> larval instars. In the semi-field experiment, recommended doses of radiant exhibited high mortality 100 & 95.7 % after 0 and 1 days, respectively then decreased gradually to reach 58.1 % after 7 days. Also the field experiment showed high mortality 91.4% after 2 days then reduced gradually to reach 83.1% after 8 days. The effect of different concentrations in laboratory and recommended doses in field showed 100% mortality of entire hatched egg masses. Effect of recommended doses of radiant against predators inhabiting cotton field demonstrated that radiant was safe to natural enemies. The effect of LC<sub>50</sub> of radiant on the major biochemical component of 4<sup>nd</sup> larval instars after 24 hours showed that, the amount of total carbohydrates, total proteins, carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes (invertase, trehalase and amylase), and acid & alkaline phosphates were significantly decreased. Where the acetylcholinstrase activity was significantly increased.
Radiant SC12%,Spinetoram,New generation of Spinosyn,Spodoptera littoralis ( Boisd ),Bio-chemical study
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15738.html
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15738_fcd32b7a405e7ceecdb16cd1ae4a5f08.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
1687-8809
2090-0813
1
2
2008
12
01
Macromolecular abnormalities in the adults of the potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) induced by larval feeding on irradiated potato tubers
99
108
EN
Mona
F.
Abd-EL Aziz
Benha Univ. Faculty of Science, Entomol. Dept.
Tarek
R.
Amin
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Doki, Giza, Egypt, Pest Physiology Dept
Nehad
M.
EL-Barky
Benha Univ. Faculty of Science, Entomol. Dept
10.21608/eajbsa.2008.15740
Potato tubers were irradiated with different doses of gamma irradiation (50,100 and 200Gy), and fed by the larvae of <em>Phthorimaea operculella</em> (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae), to measure the effect of larval feeding on some biochemical components of the adult stage. The data indicated that the change in larval diet (tubers) due to irradiation led to some changes in such biochemical components of the adult. Irradiation increased phenolic content and oxidation capacity of potato tubers, while vitamin C was significantly reduced. Vitamin C content of the adult was not significantly changed at most doses. From the nutritional point of view, this means that the decrease in a nutrient in the diet not necessitate corresponding suppression in the feed insects. Acid and alkaline phosomonoesterases activities and trehalose content of the adult were significantly depressed. Such depression was related to the increased phenolic content of potato tubers after irradiation. This provides an evidence that irradiation of potato tubers could leads to products which might be toxic to insects and able to change in the diet (tubers) component that fed by the larvae. It is interesting to realize that ionizing irradiation inactivate pathogens or directly killed store insect stages, but also could control reinfestation of pest by producing changes in nutrients of potato tubers, and increasing toxic compounds, resulting in abnormalities which could extent to the adult stage and reduce its reproductive capacity.
Phthorimaea operculella,potato tubers,gamma radiation,macromolecular components
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15740.html
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15740_32cd1a3d8e76f0b4e1eb5c0137f62f64.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
1687-8809
2090-0813
1
2
2008
12
01
Biochemical differences between the virgin queens and workers of the Ant, Camponotus maculatus (Fabricius)
109
123
EN
Laila
Sayed
Hamouda
Department of Entomology , Faculty of Science , Ain Shams Univ., Cairo , Egypt.
laila.hamouda@hotmail.com
10.21608/eajbsa.2008.15742
The present data showed that the activities of all the tested enzymes except acetylcholinesterase (α,β-esterases, acid phosphatase and glutathione S-transeferase)were significantly higher in the whole body homogenates of the virgin queens ant, <em>Camponotus</em> maculatus (Fabricius) than that recorded for the workers. Also, the concentration of total soluble proteins of the virgin queens was higher than of workers. These proteins were electrophoretically separated into 22 bands (258.6 to 35.4KDa) in the virgin queen samples while they were separated into 19 bands (216.7 to 35.4KDa) in the worker samples. Ten protein bands were common between the two castes (108.1, 103.9, 99.8, 94.6, 63.7, 61.3, 55.9, 48.1, 40.6 and 35.4KDa) and the remaining bands were characteristic for each caste .Finally, there was difference in the genomic DNA of the two studied castes.
Differentiation – Queen – Worker – Enzymes – SDS Electrophoresis –DNA– Ants
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15742.html
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15742_acfb2b8e3c8463077afdea14653e442e.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
1687-8809
2090-0813
1
2
2008
12
01
Effect of green tea consumption on level of glucose, lipid profile and kidney functions in alloxan induced-diabetic rats
125
134
EN
Abd-Elraheim
A.
Elshater
South Valley University, Faculty of Science, Zoology Department, Qena
Muhammad
M. A.
Salman
South Valley University, Faculty of Science, Zoology Department, Qena
Mahrous
M. A.
Moussa
South Valley University, Faculty of Science, Zoology Department, Qena
10.21608/eajbsa.2008.15744
In recent years, green tea has become a subject of interest because of its beneficial effects on human health. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of daily oral administration of green tea extract for 6 weeks on plasma glucose, lipid profile and kidney functions in alloxan-induced diabetic rats to show the preventive and curative effects of green tea.
Rats (130-150 g) were divided into 4 groups, normal control rats, diabetic rats, diabetic rats post-treated with green tea and diabetic rats pretreated with green tea. Green tea extract was administered orally for 6 weeks to the third and forth groups (300 mg/kg b.w,). Plasma glucose, triglycerides, HDL and LDL-cholesterol were significantly reduced in post-treated and pre-treated groups while plasma cholesterol was significantly reduced only in post-treated group while plasma creatinine, urea and uric acid levels were significantly reduced in post-treated diabetic group, but in the pre-treated group creatinine and uric acid levels were reduced, but urea level did not change. It is concluded that the consumption of green tea produced a significant reduction in glucose level in diabetic rats. In addition green tea is capable of improving hyperlipidaemia and the impaired kidney functions in addition to its hyperglycemic control.
green tea,plasma,diabetic rats,lipids,glucose,urea,creatinine,Uric acid
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15744.html
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15744_7bfb6d63981a628c8543a02d056e2e7f.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
1687-8809
2090-0813
1
2
2008
12
01
Esterase activity and detection of carboxylesterase and phosphotriesterase in female desert locust Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal) in relation to tissues and ages
135
143
EN
Eman
M.
Rashad
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University
10.21608/eajbsa.2008.15745
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">General esterases activity in the different body<br />tissues of adult females of 2-day and 13-day-old <em>Schistocerca gregaria </em>(Forskal)<br />were measured spectrophotometricaly and carboxylesterase and phosphotriesterase<br />were characterized by electrophoresis method. Esterase activities were studied<br />in the tissues of brain, fore-, mid-, hindgut and ovary of the two ages in the<br />presence of α-naphthyl acetate as a substrate and ethylenediamine tetraacetic<br />acid (EDTA) and profenofos as inhibitors. Spectrophotometric analysis indicated<br />that the esterase activity in adult <em>S. gregaria</em> tissues was<br />significantly higher in the tissues of mid-, foregut, ovary and brain of<br />2-day-old females than those of 13-day-old, respectively. Meanwhile, the<br />activity was greater in the hindgut tissue of 13-day-old females than in<br />2-day-old ones. Non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed<br />differences in isozyme composition. Three to ten esterase bands were detected<br />in the different body tissues of the two ages of adult females. These bands were<br />characterized as phosphotriesterase and carboxylesterase by using the two<br />inhibitors. Bands Est-1, Est-2, Est-3 and Est-6 were found to be<br />carboxylesterase in the different tissues, while band Est-4 was only detected<br />to be phosphotriesterase.</span>
Schistocerca gregaria,carboxylesterase,phosphotriesterase,isozymes,tissues,ages,esterase activity
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15745.html
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15745_3031abd33513ae0fc58ed21fe5962ba8.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
1687-8809
2090-0813
1
2
2008
12
01
Multiple forms of esterase in the larvae of Pectinophora gossypiella treated with three volatile oils.
145
156
EN
Heba
A.
Hassan
Plant Protection Research Inistitute, A.R.C., Dokki-Giza, Egypt.
Sondos
A.
Mohamed
Plant Protection Research Inistitute, A.R.C., Dokki-Giza, Egypt.
10.21608/eajbsa.2008.15746
In the present work, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were used for detection the forms of esterase in the last larval instar of <em>Pectinophora gossypiella. </em>The larvae were treated as newly hatched larvae with sublethal concentration(LC<sub>50</sub>) of three volatile oils (<em>Petroselinum sativum</em>, <em>Coriandrum sativum</em> and <em>Cymbapoyon citratus</em>). The larval tissues showed response towards α - naphthyl acetate and β- naphthyl acetate substrates. The esterase bands have been classified according to their reaction with three specific inhibitors (Eserine, Chlorphrifos and Fenitrothion).
The results were showed great differences in number of zones of esterase activity and in substrate specificity between treated and untreated samples. Five, four, seven and six esterase bands in untreated and (<em>P. sativum</em>, <em>C. sativum</em> and <em>C. citrates</em>) treated samples respectively, show activity towards α- naphthyl acetate. Six, five, seven and seven esterases were able to hydrolyze β- naphthyl acetate in previous samples arrangement. In the case of α - naphthyl acetate, volatile oils caused the increasing of arylestrases and carboxylestrases activities, while cholinesterase activity was inhibited.
Pectinophora gossypiella- Esterases- specific inhibitors– electrophoresis
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15746.html
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15746_65a9c1b3caaba451175c0ac006e692b2.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
1687-8809
2090-0813
1
2
2008
12
01
Assessment of the changes in some diagnostic parameters in male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) toxicated with thiodicarb insecticide
157
166
EN
Mohammed
Salah Ab.
Ab. AL-Shinnawy
Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
10.21608/eajbsa.2008.15747
The Present work investigates the serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, protein, urea, creatinine and some enzyme activities (AST,ALT and ALP) in male albino rats treated orally with 1/10 LD50dose of thiodicarb insecticide (carbamate group)daily for 7 days (short-term) and 30days (long-term).
A highly significant elevation in serum urea, creatinine, AST and ALT accompanied by a highly significant decrease in the body weight and a significant increase in serum glucose level were recorded in rats of long-term group. While, the short-term group showed a highly significant increase in serum level of glucose and urea. Moreover, a significant decrease in serum cholesterol content was recorded but the total protein concentration and ALP activity were not affected.
Thiodicarb,Carbamate,serum,insecticide,and albino rats
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15747.html
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15747_6b5dee769bcf571b2f6d5a22e448ccd4.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
1687-8809
2090-0813
1
2
2008
12
01
Epigenetic (protein) patteren of albino rat Rattus norvegicus after treatment with homocysteine and trimethylglycine.
167
176
EN
Sahar
Abd El-Razik
Mosallam
Department of Zoology, Girls Collage for Arts, Scie. and Education, Ain Shams Univ
10.21608/eajbsa.2008.15748
Hyperhomocysteineamia <strong>(</strong>hHcys<strong>) </strong>is thought to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The epigenetic (protein) pattern due to the effect of hHcys in kidney and liver was profiled in thesupplemented developing rats. A group treated with 0.6 % Hcys for 8 weeksand trimethylglycine (Tri or Betaine)antioxidant treated group (6 g / Kg) were compared with four weeks age control group. The results indicated that, a great variety in protein pattern was obtained. Specific type of protein with M.W. of 214.29 K. d. was produced in the kidney samples treated with Trimethylglycine. Common types of protein with M.W. of 278.64, 157.07, 52.39, 39.31, 29.24, 24.49, 20.86, 20 and 18.87 K. d. were obtained in the same sample. Characteristic band with 59.58 K. d. was obtained in control the kidney after 8 weeks while three types of protein were obtained in the control liver with M.W. of 221.4, 28.25 and 18.07 K.d. The highest similarity index was between control and Trimethylglycine treated kidney group (0.76), but the lowest one was between the control and liver trimethylglycine treated group (0.38).
Homocysteine,trimethyleglycine (betaine) and rats
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15748.html
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15748_fcf2f8f9d7772aa12ec7d7ed294a3419.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
1687-8809
2090-0813
1
2
2008
12
01
Vitamin "C" as ameliorative agent Against thiodicarb toxicated Male albino rats(rattus norvegicus)
177
187
EN
Mohammed
Salah Ab.
Ab. AL-Shinnawy
Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
10.21608/eajbsa.2008.15749
Thiodicarb is a carbamate insecticide has been used for several years in agriculture. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible protection of vitamin C (10 mg/kg body weight) as antidote against the toxic effect of 1/10 LD50 dose of thiodicarb insecticide in adult male albino rats.
Animals were treated orally at two periods (10 and 40 days). The percentage of body weights and some biochemical parameters were investigated. The data obtained revealed highly significant decrements in percentage of body weight gain in groups treated with thiodicarb alone or together with vitamin C. A highly significant elevation in serum AST, ALT, ALP, urea, creatinine and glucose in rats treated with thiodicarb only, while certain amelioration for these elevations were detected in the treated groups with vitamin C and thiodicarb. Lipids profile showed an increase in total lipids only in rats treated with thiodicarb for 10 days, while serum total cholesterol was decreased in the same dosing group for 40 days.
vitamin c,Thiodicarb,Carbamates,biochemical parameters,Serum and Albino Rats
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15749.html
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15749_67035b35e7a6f9489bafde0de9612900.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
1687-8809
2090-0813
1
2
2008
12
01
Effect of neem and antitranspirant products against Aphis craccivora Koch and its biology.
189
196
EN
El-Hawary
F.
M .
Pests and Plant Protection Department, National Research Centre,
El-Tahrir St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
Abd El-Salam
A.M.
E.
Pests and Plant Protection Department, National Research Centre,
El-Tahrir St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
10.21608/eajbsa.2008.15750
Nimbecidine (Contains 0.03% azadirachtin) and Green Miracle (antitranspirant) were tested alone and in combination against <em>Aphis craccivora</em> Koch. Nimbecidine was found to be highly effective in compared with Green Miracle at all concentrations tested against this aphid species. Ninety and fifty percent lethal concentrations (LC<sub>90,50</sub>) were 0.4 and 0.13 ml/l for nimbecidine, 3.5 and 1.7 ml/l for Green Miracle, respectively. LC<sub>90</sub> and LC<sub>50 </sub>were2.2 and 1.3ml/l when mixing Nimbecidine and green miracle together. The Ninety and fifty percent lethal times (LT<sub>90,50</sub>) were 6.2 and 4.2 days at 0.6ml/l for Nimbecidine, 4.8 and 2.9 days at 5.0ml/l for Green Miracle. Mixing Nimbecidine and Green Miracle achieved LT<sub>90,50</sub> values as 3.1 and 2.2 days(at 0.3 N + 3.0 G ml/l). The highest concentration for each formulation tested caused percentage reduction in the number of young born as 92.25% at 0.6 ml/l for Nimbecidine, 91.46 % for Green Miracle and 95.4% at 0.3 N+ 3.0G ml/l for combination. The natal period and longevity decreased as concentration increased. The different concentrations for Nimbecidine, Green Miracle and in combination caused retardation in the development of the fourth nymphal instar. Nimbecidine and Green Miracle could be used in combination in integrated pest control.
Nimbecidine,green miracle,Neem,antitranspirant,Aphis craccivora
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15750.html
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15750_608f0b1b96c25089e59b611956fcfbfd.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
1687-8809
2090-0813
1
2
2008
12
01
Oviposition behavior and progeny production of Trichogramma evanescens (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in patches of single and clustered host eggs
197
204
EN
Sayed
A.
Ahmed
Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Suez Canal University, El-Arish, Egypt
10.21608/eajbsa.2008.15751
The oviposition behavior of <em>T.</em> <em>evanescens</em> in each patch type (1mm<sup>2</sup>) with 12 single spaced or clustered eggs of <em>Anagasta kuehniella</em> Zeller was observed continuously, recorded and calculated the patterns of patch use, time budgets, and the sequence of sex allocation for up to 1 hr. or until the female left the patch. The only significant behavioral event is the total walking in cluster patch because the female takes significantly more time walking out of patch. The parasitoid spends much time resting on eggs of cluster patch than in single patch. No significant differences occurred between single and cluster patches in their influence on the residence time spent in a patch. The handling time in a patch showed significant differences between single and cluster patch. There is no giving up time in single patch but it happened in cluster patch. Clustered patches led to a reduction in percent drumming and grooming time, but an increase in percent resting and total walking time. There were no significant differences between single and cluster patches in the number of eggs encountered. The progeny sex ratio from the parasitized eggs showed very little variation and was insignificant between patch types. The percent male progeny was 16.1 and 21.2 % in single and cluster patches, respectively. There were no significant differences for oviposition time for both male or female eggs in single and cluster patches. The female tended to produce male eggs at the second oviposition event in single patch which represented 16.67 % of the total male eggs deposited, while it deposited male eggs (8.7 %) at the first oviposition event. This study has important implications for <em>Trichogramma</em> inundation programs and selecting <em>Trichogramma</em> species and strains, it should be taken into consideration to match the behavioral and reproductive characteristics of <em>Trichogramma</em> species to the ovipositional strategies (single eggs versus egg masses) of target pests.
Trichogramma evanescens – Biological control
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15751.html
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15751_af488e5f246010e8bfc88d41543d468d.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
1687-8809
2090-0813
1
2
2008
12
01
Some inorganic salts for production of sterile adults of the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferruginous (Coleoptera:Curculionidae)
205
210
EN
Sharaby
A.
Pests and Plant Protection Dept. Naional Research Center, Cairo ,Egypt.
EL-Hawari
F.
M.
Pests and Plant Protection Dept. Naional Research Center, Cairo ,Egypt.
Ibrahim
S.
A.
Pests and Plant Protection Dept. Naional Research Center, Cairo ,Egypt.
10.21608/eajbsa.2008.15752
Fifteen inorganic salts were evaluated as possible sterilants against the Red Palm Weevil (RPW)<em> Rhynchophprus ferrugineus</em>, by applying the pupal dipping method in a screening program. Results showed that all tested salts adversely affected the adult emergence and reduced the egg laying capacity and egg hatchability. Among the tested salts a (oH)<sub>2,</sub> kOH, Licl<sub>2</sub>,cucl<sub>2 </sub>ZnO<sub>4, </sub>kBr and KI various gave 100% percent sterility at the tested non toxic concentration under different pupal dipping periods. Percentage of sterility increased with the increase of the concentration and the dipping period. All other salts induced degrees of sterility ranging from 10 to 78%.
Rhynchophorous ferruginous,chemosterilants,inorganic salts
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15752.html
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15752_6a290df37cbba0b3e672a02a109c83fa.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
1687-8809
2090-0813
1
2
2008
12
01
Evaluation of entomopathogenic fungus Verticillium lecanii (Zimmermann) Vieges and the predator Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) against cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora (Koch) on faba bean in EGYPT
211
216
EN
Hany
A. S.
Abd El-Gawad
Biological Control Research Dept., Plant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
Atef
M.M.
Sayed
Biological Control Research Dept., Plant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
10.21608/eajbsa.2008.15753
<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Three tested treatments of </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">the entomopathogenic fungus<em> Verticillium lecanii </em>(Zimmermann)<br />Vieges, <span style="color: black;">the</span> predator<em> Chrysoperla carnea</em><br />(Stephens) and <em>V. lecanii</em> followed by release of <em>C. carnea</em> <span style="color: black;">in faba bean field </span>for controlling cowpea aphid, <em>Aphis<br />craccivora</em> (Koch) compared with control were conducted. The first treatment<br />was<em>V. lecanii</em> repeated 4 times at<br />15-days intervals at the rate of 10<sup>8 </sup>spores/ml. The second was <em>C.<br />carnea</em> at the same intervals at the rate of 12,000 predator [larvae<br />(L2)]/feddan/releases.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">The third was <em>V. lecanii</em> applied 2 times at<br />15-days intervals at the same rate <span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">followed<br />by</span> release of <em>C. carnea</em> 2 times at 15-days intervals at the same<br />rate. Treatments<span style="color: black;"> were conducted during 2006-2007 and 2007-2008<br />at a location </span>in Ismailia Governorate. These <span style="color: black;">treatments<br />indicated the potential use of these treatments to control </span><em>A.<br />craccivora</em><span style="color: black;"> on faba bean. Reduction in </span><em>A.<br />craccivora</em><span style="color: black;"> population and subsequent yields were<br />significant between treatments. Highest reduction and yield gain was observed<br />when </span>fungus<em> V. lecanii</em><span style="color: black;"> was applied</span></span>
entomopathogenic,Verticillium lecanii,Chrysoperla carnea,Aphis craccivora
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15753.html
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_15753_438408af6e2c5424ae7f67746aada3a7.pdf