Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092220091201Toxicity and biochemical efficacy of six essential oils against Tribolium confusum (du val) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)1111542410.21608/eajbsa.2009.15424ENMona F.Abd El-AzizEntomology Department-Faculty of Science- Benha University- Egypt.Yasser A.El-SayedEntomology Department-Faculty of Science- Benha University- Egypt.Journal Article20181001 Six essential oils extracted from garlic <em> (Allium sativum</em>), mint <em>(Mentha piperitaa</em>), basil<em> (Ocimum basilicum</em>), <em>thyme (Thymus vulgaris</em> ) , sesame <em>(Sesamum Indicume</em>) and chamomile <em>(Chamaemelum nobile</em>) were tested for both repellency and toxicity against the confused flour beetle<em>, Tribolium confusum</em> adults and last larval instar. Two kinds of repellency bioassays were performed by using filter paper tests and treated kernels. The toxicological bioassay was performed by topical application. The results showed that the tested oils were highly repellent to the adult insect compared to the larvae. By contrast, the toxicological bioassay showed that larvae were more susceptible to tested essential oils than the adults. Effects of essential oils on five detoxification enzymes were also investigated. A reduction in total activities of the major detoxification enzymes in treated larvae was also observed.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092220091201Biological control of Thrips tabaci (lind.) and Aphis gossypii (Glover) using different predatory Phytoseiid mites and the biocide vertimec on Eggplant at Behaira Governorate.13221542510.21608/eajbsa.2009.15425ENMagdy Y.El-KholyPests and Plant Protection Depaetment, National Research Centre, Dokki, Gizza, EgyptEl Sayed M. A. K.El-SaiedyPests and Plant Protection Depaetment, National Research Centre, Dokki, Gizza, EgyptJournal Article20181001Three predatory mite species, <em>Phytoseiulus persimilis</em> (Athias-Henriot), <em>Neoseiulus cucumeris</em> (Oudemans) and <em>Neoseiulus californicus</em> (McGregor) and biocide certimec were evaluated as potential biological control agents for <em>Thrips tabaci</em> (lind.) and <em>Aphis gossypii</em> (Glover) on two eggplant cultivars in open field at Behaira Governorate. Field releases of different numbers of mites per plant during 2008 season showed that <em>Neoseiulus cucumeris</em> reduced the number of thrips and aphid in two cultivares of eggplant. We found that earlier releases (averages from 20-25 individuals / leaf) resulted in reducing thrips and aphids numbers and lowering their damage. We conclude that inoculative release of <em>Neoseiulus cucumeris</em> one of a potentially useful thrips and aphids management strategy, but needs improvements in release timing and strategy will be required to provide commercially acceptable control.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092220091201Isolation of antibacterial peptides from Saudi Arabian honeybees and investigating the antimicrobial properties of natural honey samples23341542610.21608/eajbsa.2009.15426ENTahany H.AyaadDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science. King Saud UniveGhada H.ShakerDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud UniversityAmal M.AlmuhnaaDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science. King Saud UniveJournal Article20181001As part of the ongoing search for novel antimicrobial agents and their use in singular or combined drug therapy, a polypeptide fractions of <em>Mr</em> about 14.500 and 15.00 KDa were isolated from the lymph fluid of two groups of intact and immunized Saudi Arabian honeybees (<em>Apis mellifer</em>a) obtained from Al-Qasim and Hail locations around Riyadh during the honey season 2008 following experimental infection with 1.1 x l0<sup>6</sup> viable <em>Escherichia coli</em> cells(ATCC 25922). The polypeptide was purified to homogeneity by Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Antibacterial activity of the isolated polypeptide was evaluated <em>in vitro</em> by an agar well diffusion method for<em> E. coli</em> strain (ATCC 25922) and <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> strain (ATCC 11678) the major Gram negative pathogens causing urinary tract infections, and<em> Staphylococcus aureus</em> (ATCC 6538) as Gram positive bacteria. A total of ten honey samples collected from different floral areas around Riyadh were also investigated for their antimicrobial activity against one yeast, <em>Candida albicans</em> (ATCC 10231) and four standards bacteriastrains,<em> E. coli</em> (ATCC 25922), <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> (ATCC 27853), <em>S. aureus</em> (ATCC 6538), <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> (ATCC 6633) using standard antimicrobial assays. The isolated polypeptide and the different honey samples revealed comparable marked variations in antimicrobial activities and their sensitivity might be depending on their floral source.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092220091201Identification of the biological active compounds of two natural extracts for the control of the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Oliver) (Coleoptera - curculionidae)35441542710.21608/eajbsa.2009.15427ENMohammed A.R.AbdullahBiology Department, faculty of Science, Jazan UniversityJournal Article20181001Two natural insecticides, rotenone and limonine caused antifeedant and growth inhibition of the red palm weevil <em>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus </em>larvae and adults. Rotenone was extracted from the root of <em>Lanchocarpus sp.</em> or <em>Derris sp.</em> and limonene extracted from citrus fruit oil. The concentrations of 1.5, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15% of both insecticides were used for treatment of the sugar cane pieces. Adult stage was more tolerant than the larvae. Also, the rotenone insecticide was more effective than limonene insecticide. Moreover increasing of rotenone and limonene concentrations were reduced the food consumption and increased the larval and adult mortality. The chemical analysis was suggested the structure of rotenone is flavonoid compound and its chemical formula is C<sub>23</sub>H<sub>22</sub>O<sub>6</sub>. While the chemical nature of limonene is alkaloid with the chemical formula of C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>13</sub>O<sub>4</sub>.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092220091201Toxicological and histopathological studies of Boxus chinensis oil and precocene II on larvae of the red palm weevil Rynchophorus ferrugineus (Oliver) (Coleoptera : Curculionidae )45541542810.21608/eajbsa.2009.15428ENMohammed A.R.AbdullahBiology Department, faculty of Science, Jazan UniversityJournal Article20181001Two<br />natural biopesticides, (<em>Boxus chinensis</em> oil and precoceneII) were tested<br />against 10 days-old larvae of the red palm weevil, <em>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</em>.<br />The two biopesticidse had toxicological and pathological effects on<em> Rh.<br />ferrugineus</em> larvae. The toxicity effect of <em>B. chinensis</em> was more<br />than precoceneII against <em>Rh. ferrugineus. </em> In order of toxicity the LC<sub>50</sub> of <em>B.<br />chinensis</em> was 0.68% while the LC<sub>50</sub> of precoceneII was 1.36%. On<br />the other hand the mid-gut tissues of the 10days old larvae were exhibited<br />different histopathological lesions due to effect of <br /><em>B. chinensis</em>. The alterations included analyze and destroyed of epithelial cells, vaculation of cytoplasm and dissolve of nuclei of the epithelial cells.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092220091201Isolation of midgut agglutinin of Culex quinquefasciatus ( Diptera , Culicidae)55681542910.21608/eajbsa.2009.15429ENTahany H.AyaadEntomology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo UniversityJournal Article20181001A Lectin that agglutinates<em> Eschrechia coli </em>(ATCC 25922) , <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (ATCC 6538) live bacteria and various mammalian red blood cells (RBCs) was identified in <em>Culexquinquefasciatus </em>midgut extract ( Cqlec) by using human (three groups: A, B, and O, RH+)mouse, rat, guinea-pig, rabbit and goat erythrocytes. With the use of (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2 </sub>SO<sub>4 </sub>fractionation, anion - exchange and GluNA -CBr-Sepharose 6B affinity chromatography, <em>C.quinquefasciatus </em>mid gut lectin has been purified to homogeneity. IEF and reducing SDS/PAGE revealed that the isolated mid gut lectin have isoelectric point (PI) of 6.30, and a subunit approximate molecular weight of 34.5 KDa .The highest agglutination activity of crude and isolated Cqlec were detected against both <em>Eschrechia coli</em> cells and rabbit RBCs. Significant differences in hemagglutinin titers and carbohydrate inhibition were detected between sugar fed and blood fed adult female mosquitoes.Overall agglutinin levels were increased following a blood meal feeding and <em>E. coli</em> induction using a hypodermic needle. This study presents the first report on the occurrence of heterogeneous anti rabbit RBC agglutinins in the midgut extracts of <em>C.quinquefasciatus </em>from Al kharj<em> area</em> in Saudi Arabia. The HA of lectins are Ca<sup>2+</sup>independent, heat-resistant, and are strongly inhibited by D(+)-mannose and D(+) glucose followed by N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Raffinose and N-acetyl-D-manosamine were found to be moderate inhibitors. Non of the lectins were inhibited by galactose , lactose , trehalose or fetuin (1%) but the glycosubstances mucin and laminarin showed strong inhibitition using low concentrations . 2D-NMR spectroscopy revealed a component of the corresponding residue in structure having group regions of resolution spectrum of Man<sub>9</sub>- GlcNAc<sub>2</sub>Asn.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092220091201Ecological and taxonomic studies on the scale insects that infest mango trees at Qaliobiya governorate69891543010.21608/eajbsa.2009.15430ENReda F. A.BakrEntomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptRawda M.BadawyEntomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptSaber F.MousaPlant protection Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, EgyptLaila S.HamoodaEntomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptSahar A.AtteiaPlant protection Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, EgyptJournal Article20181001<em>This study aimed to determine the recent status of the scale insects that infest the mango trees at Qaliobiya governorate during visiting four mango orchards (El-Khanka, Shebeen El-Qanater, Benha &El-Qanater El-Khayria, through twice visits monthly to each district for two successive years. This study was carried out to present an identification guide with key, diagnosis, important synonymes, figures & illustrations to the fourteen collected mango scale pests which included in the four families, Coccidae, Pseudococcidae, Margarodidae and Diaspididae; in additions to give an attention to the most serious species, with notes on the agricultural precautions which could decrease the infestation. Mango leaf morphology and anatomy is used to explain the reasons for the mango variety recommendation. </em>Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092220091201Cuticulear hydrocarbons profiles of seven common Egyptian mantis91941543110.21608/eajbsa.2009.15431ENSalwa K.MohammadDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Sciences, Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, EgyptSohair M.Gad AllaDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Sciences, Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, EgyptHayamEl-HamoulyDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Sciences, Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, EgyptMohammad G.El-Den NasserDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Sciences, Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181001This is the first chemical taxonomic study of cuticular hydrocarbons of seven common mantis species in Egypt. This study is shedding the light on the role of this chemicals in phylogeny and taxonomy of this charismatic group of Insects.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092220091201A revision of the genus Nemotelus Geoffroy (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) from Egypt, with one new species and three new records951101543210.21608/eajbsa.2009.15432ENSalwa K.MohammadDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University,
Abbasia- Cairo, EgyptHassan H.FadlDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University,
Abbasia- Cairo, EgyptSohair M. M.GadallaDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University,
Abbasia- Cairo, EgyptHaitham B. M.BadrawyDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University,
Abbasia- Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181001The Egyptian fauna of the genus <em>Nemotelus</em> Geoffroy was revised. We recognize 9 species (compared to 5 species recognized about 40 years ago). As a result of this revision <em>N. matrouhensis </em>sp. nov.is described as new. <em>N. anchora</em> Loew, 1846; <em>N. candidus</em> Becker, 1906 and <em>N. oasis</em> Becker, 1906 are newly recorded from the Egyptian fauna. The female of <em>N. albifacies</em> Becker, 1902 is described for the first time and both sexes of <em>N. niloticus</em> Olivier, 1811 are redescribed and illustrated for the first time.
<em> N. punctiventris</em> Becker, 1902 is removed from synonymy with <em>N. brachystomus</em> Loew, 1846 and <em>N. albifacies</em> Becker, 1902 and <em>N. oasis</em> Becker, 1906 are removed from synonymy with <em>N. niloticus</em> Olivier, 1811. Also, <em>N. theodori</em> Lindner, 1974 is newly synonymized with <em>N. oasis</em> Becker and <em>N. brachystomus aegyptiacus</em> Lindner, 1925 is newly synonymized with <em>N. punctiventris</em> Becker.
With the addition of new characters such as the head index, shape of antennae and abdominal pattern, the females of <em>N. candidus</em> Becker, 1906 and <em>N. marinus</em> Becker, 1902 are diagnosed and illustrated for the first time. In addition, illustrations, keys, specimens examined, geographical and local distribution are given for each species.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092220091201Response of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) and peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saund.) to some food attractants1111181543310.21608/eajbsa.2009.15433ENSameh A.MoustafaPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of AgricultureJournal Article20181001The mean captured adults of the Mediterranean fruit fly (MFF), <em>Ceratitis capitata</em> (Wiedemann) per trap per day (CTD) in the traps containing Glan, Pro-lure 2%, Agrisense, Bioprox, Pro-lure 5%, Amadene, Buminal, Norlan and Agrinal were 11.04, 10.55, 10.22, 7.62, 6.56, 3.98, 3.16, 2.98 and 1.89, respectively. While, the effectiveness of the tested food attractants against the peach fruit fly (PFF), <em>Bactrocera zonata</em> (Saunders) adults comes in descending order as follows: Gla > Pro-lure 5 > Pro-lure 2% > Bioprox > Agrisense > Agrinal > Buminal > Norlan and Amadene; however, the CTDs of these preparations were 0.60, 0.60, 0.51, 0.49, 0.42, 0.22, 0.15, 0.13 and 0.13, respectively.
The present results showed that, adding the pesticide, malathion to the food attractant preparations was obviously reduced the attractiveness of the lures to both MFF and PFF adults. All of the tested preparations were attracted MFF and PFF females with a significantly high numbers in comparison to males. Regression analysis illustrated that the tested food attractants exhibited high stability by the time passed, where the passed time had not any significant effect on the potentiality of the tested preparations.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092220091201Effect of Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell) infestation levels on sugarcane physical and chemical properties1191231543410.21608/eajbsa.2009.15434ENGamal El-Dein H.MohamedPlant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt.Sanaa A. M.IbrahimPlant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt.Fatma A.MoharumPlant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt.Journal Article20181001The present investigation was carried out in Sohage Governorate, Egypt on sugarcane infested with <em>Saccharicoccus sacchari</em> (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) during growing year 2007/2008. Obtained results indicated that only sever infestation significantly affected sugarcane physical and chemical properties. There were reduction of stalk's weight (5.03, 34.33%), stalk's height (2.16, 6.93%), stalk internodes' number per stalk (8.8, 29.07) and juice weight (2.26, 31.62%) in low and heavy Infestation, respectively compared with infestation free. Internodes height increased by 8.59 and 35.45% due to low and sever levels of infestation, respectively. There were losses of brix (4.95, 13.47%), sucrose (6.29, 27.87%), purity (1.41, 16.87%), pol (5.29, 32.6%) and sugar recovery (5.29, 37.08%) and increase of reducing sugar (3.53, 7.68%) and fiber (1.28, 3.85%) due low and heavy levels of infestation, respectively<em>.</em>Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092220091201Taxonomic position of Order Diptera in Egypt1251311543510.21608/eajbsa.2009.15435ENAyman M.EbrahimPlant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181001According to the changes occurred in the classification of the categories of the order Diptera due to the recent studies which based on modern taxonomy methods, using molecular characters, phylogeny and cladistic analysis, the present work presenting the taxonomic position and higher classification of order Diptera in Egypt based on the most recent investigation made with modern methods, together with morphological characters, to update and correct the Egyptian list of the order Diptera.
<strong> </strong>Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092220091201Described a new recorded family Diopsidae of (Order Diptera) with its Species Diopsis apicalis in Egypt1351451543610.21608/eajbsa.2009.15436ENAyman M.EbrahimMinistry of Agriculture. Plant protection research institute. Taxonomy DepartmentJournal Article20181001During rearranging and trying to identify the unidentified specimens of the order Diptera in the main reference insect collection of the Plant Protection Research Institute, 25 unidentified dipterous specimens that were collected from Armant (Assiut, Egypt) attracted the attention with its eyes that far projected from the head. These specimens were identified to the family rank (Diopsidae) by using the key. The representative specimens of this family were identified by Prof. Dr. Hans Feijen to the species ( <em>Diopsis apicalis</em> ).
The present study includes Description and taxonomic characters of the family and its species with illustrated speciesEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092220091201Influenced survival and development of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria (acrididae) by the wild plant Fagonia bruguieri (zygophyllaceae).1471641543710.21608/eajbsa.2009.15437ENGhoneim K.S.Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University Madenit Nasr, Cairo, EgyptTanani M.. A.Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University Madenit Nasr, Cairo, EgyptBasiouny A.L.Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University Madenit Nasr, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181001Three extracts were prepared from the wild plant <em>Fagonia bruguieri</em>: methanolic extract, petroleum ether extract and n-butanolic extract. These extracts were assessed against the penultimate and last instar nymphs of <em>Schistocerca gregaria</em>. After treatment of the penultimate instar nymphs, a dose-dependent trend of mortality could be observed for the methanolic extract. To some extent, a lesser toxic action was exerted on the nymphs by petroleum ether extract or n-butanolic extract. After treatment of the lastinstar nymphs, an ascending mortality % was estimated as the concentration level of methanolic extract was increased.
After treatment of the penultimateinstar nymphs, the growthof the same treated nymphs was affected to some extent by the methanolic extract, irrespective of the concentration level. The remarkably influenced nymphal growth was detected only at the highest concentration level of petroleum ether extract and the higher two concentration levels of n-butanolic extract. Also, the profoundly extended developmental duration was caused by petroleum ether extract at the higher three concentration levels. After treatment of the last instar nymphs, all extracts exhibited inhibitory effects on the growth because the nymphs were prohibited to gain somatic weights as their control congeners obtained. A fastening action of methanolic extract on the developmental rate along shortened developmental duration especially at the highest concentration level. In contrast, a retarding action on such rate of the developing nymphs was exerted by both the petroleum ether extract and n-butanolic extract. The <em>Fagonia bruguieri</em> extracts intervened in the metamorphosis program because some nymphal-adult intermediates were formed.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092220091201Life table of the hemispherical scale, Saissetia coffeae (Walker) (Hemiptera: Coccidea)1651701543810.21608/eajbsa.2009.15438ENShaabanAbd-RabouPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricul., Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptNadiaAliPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricul., Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptMonira M.El-FatihPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricul., Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20181001The hemispherical scale, <em>Saissetia coffeae </em>(Walker) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) is one of the most important<br />pest attacking olive trees in Egypt.<br />The aim of the present work is to study the biological studies of the<br />hemispherical scale, <em>S. coffeae</em>. Mean durations of the first instar were<br />15.5± 0 .85, 12.8 ± 0.63 and 9±0.76 days at 18, 24 and 30<sup>o</sup>C,<br />respectively. Second instar lasted for 23.3±0.67, 20.6±0.52 and 16.9± 0.88<br />days, respectively. While third instar durations were 22.6± 0.70, 19.8±0.63 and<br />13.2± 0.79, respectively. Incubation<br />periods were 21.4 ± 1.17, 14.4 ± 0.70 and 10.1 ± 0.88 days, respectively. The<br />generation time was 82.80±1.48, 67.6±1.26 and 49.2±2.10 days, respectively. As<br />a result the durations of the adult longevity were 6±0.67, 8.7±0.82 and 8.9 ±<br />0.74 days at 18, 24 and 30<sup>o</sup>C, respectively.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092220091201Effect of Bermuda Grass Cynodon dactylon Extracts on Cotton Leaf Worm, Spodoptera littoralis Boisduval (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)1711751543910.21608/eajbsa.2009.15439ENNoeman B.AREFPests and Plant protection Dept., National Research Center, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20181001Bermuda grass, <em>Cynodon dactylon</em> (L.) extracts were tested on cotton leaf worm, <em>Spodoptera littorals </em>(Boisd.). Five solvents were used in preparing of these extracts, (<em>i.e</em>., methanol, petroleum ether, acetone, diethyl ether and distilled water). Distilled water was used as polar solvent. The results showed that extracts of non polar solvents were more effective than water. Methanol extract resulted in highest number of giant larvae. Methanol and diethyl ether extracts resulted in the highest number of deformed pupae.
Acetone extract caused highest number of mortalities, followed by diethyl ether and methanol extracts. Methanol extract proved to be the most efficient on fertility of <em>S. littorals.</em> All extracts had a slight effect on the larval and pupal stages duration compared with control. Larval and pupal weights were affected in the same manner also. It was concluded that all extracts caused a disturbance in hormonal balance in the larvae.
<strong> </strong>Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092220091201Efficacy of Spinosad, Lufenuron and Malathion against olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin) (Diptera: Tephritidae)1711781544010.21608/eajbsa.2009.15440ENSameh A.MoustafaPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt.Ahmed E.Abd El-MageedPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt.Mostafa M.El-MetwallyPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, EgyptNabil M.GhanimPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, EgyptJournal Article20181001Spinosad, Lufenuron and Malathion were evaluated in controlling olive fruit fly, <em>Bactrocera oleae</em> (Gmelin) under field conditions by using partial bait spray and killing bags during fruiting seasons of 2008 and 2009. The obtained results showed that the percentages of <em>B. oleae</em> populations and fruit infestation were obviously low in treated plots with Lufenuron, Spinosad and Malathion, respectively in comparison with control plot which were relatively high. The mean reduction percentages in <em>B. oleae</em> population in treated plots with Lufenuron, Spinosad and Malathion were 86.2±8.2, 77.3±3.0 and 71.3±11.2% during 2008 season and 74.8±10.1, 71.9±9.4 and 70.2±7.2% during 2009 season, respectively. While, the mean reduction percentages in fruit infestation by <em>B. oleae</em> larvae in treated plots with Lufenuron, Spinosad and Malathion were 77.5±6.5 & 73.1±5.1, 76.9±5.2 & 71.5±5.1 and 70.8±6.8 & 64.9±6.2% during 2008 & 2009 seasons, respectively.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092220091201Abundance of some potato homopterous pests as affected by potassium fertilization level1791851544110.21608/eajbsa.2009.15441ENMohamed A.El-GindyPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, EgyptRasha M.El-RefaeyPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, EgyptEftkhar E.Abou HatabPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, EgyptJournal Article20181001Experiments were conducted during potato winter seasons of 2007/08 and 2008/09 at Dakahlia, Egypt. Four potassium fertilization levels (0, 100, 150 and 200 kg/fed) were applied to clarify their effects on the population density of <em>Myzus percicae</em> (Sulzer), <em>Aphis gossypii</em> Glover, <em>Aphis craccivora</em> Koch, <em>Bemisia tabaci</em> (Gennadius) and <em>Empoasca</em> sp. in potato fields. The obtained results showed that the highest population densities of these pests occurred at no potassium fertilization (control) followed by 100 kg/fed and 150 kg/fed, respectively. The lowest population densities were recorded at 200 kg/fed treatment. <em>A. gossypii</em> and <em>M. persicae</em> were the most affected pests by potassium fertilization. <em>A. craccivora</em> and <em>Empoasca</em> sp. were affected in relatively moderate way. <em>B. tabaci</em> was the least affected one. On the other hand, epidermal thickness of potato leaves was significantly increased by fertilization level increase.
Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092220091201Comparison of RAPD and PCR-RFLP markers for classification and taxonomic studies of insects1871951544210.21608/eajbsa.2009.15442ENFatma H.GalalDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt, 12211Journal Article20181001 Experiments were conducted to assess the efficiency of RAPD and PCR-RFLP marker systems as molecular tools for taxonomy and classification of insects. Three species of adult ants, <em>Camponotus maculatus, Monomorium pharoensis</em> and <em>Cataglyphis bicolor</em>, were used in this study. Total genomic DNA was extracted and used for PCR amplification of the ITS region. The purified PCR products were subjected to single digestion with <em>Eco</em>RI, <em>Msp</em>I, <em>Taq</em>I and <em>Sac</em>I enzymes and visualized on 2% agarose gel. In addition, 40 arbitrary primers were used to generate RAPD-PCR profiles. Data obtained from RFLP, RAPD and RFLP+RAPD were statistically and phylogenetically analyzed to determine the level of polymorphism in each case. Intraspecific, interspecific variation levels and phylogenetic relationships were investigated. Results were discussed, comparatively, and the final conclusion was: on the bases of ease, cost, technical labor, speed and amount of DNA needed, the <strong>RAPD</strong> marker system is preferentially used in taxonomic and classification studies. On the bases of degree of polymorphism, precision of genetic distance estimates and the statistical power of the test, <strong>no differences</strong> were observed between RAPD and PCR-RFLP tests.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092220091201Efficiency of some new insecticides on physiological, histological and molecular level of cotton leafworm.1972091544310.21608/eajbsa.2009.15443ENHeba A.HassanPlant protection research inistitute, A.R.C., Dokki-Giza, EgyptJournal Article20181001Efficiency of indoxacarb, spinetoram and methoxyfenozide<br />on cotton leaf worm (<em>Spodoptera littoralis</em>) was determined through<br />exposure of second and fourth instar larvae to dipped castor bean leaves. LC<sub>50</sub><br />estimates of second instar larvae ranged from 0.004 to 0.006 ppm of indoxacarb,<br />0.022 to 0.033ppm of spinetoram and 0.006 to 0.011ppm of methoxyfenozide. LC<sub>50</sub><br />estimates of fourth instar larvae ranged from 0.36 to 0.54 ppm of indoxacarb, 1.78<br />to 2.64ppm of spinetoram and 1.36 to 1.69 ppm of methoxyfenozide. Also, the<br />ovicidal activity of these compounds was studied. Three day old eggs are more<br />affected than that of one or two days old in case of indoxacarb and spinetoram<br />while the reverse was in the case of methoxyfenozide. In nutritional assays,<br />all tested compounds reduce food intake and affected growth rate (GR) where<br />indoxacarb caused the highest rate of efficiency and followed by<br />methoxyfenozide and spinetoram against 4<sup>th</sup><br />larval instar fed for two days on castor leaves treated with LC<sub>50s</sub><br />of the previous coumpounds. The histological examinations of 6<sup>th</sup><br />larval instar cuticle (after treatment of fourth larval instar by LC<sub>50</sub><br />of methoxyfenozide) showed destruction in the cuticle layers, fissures in the<br />endocuticle and irregular distribution of the hypodermal cells. While<br />indoxacarb and spinetoram treatments showed slight effect in the cuticle layers<br />as compared to methoxyfenozide. In addition, the deteriorative<br />potentialities of aldehyde oxidase and α -<br />glycerophosphate dehydrogenase pattern of <em>S.<br />littoralis</em> were screened.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092220091201Effect of releasing the parasitoid Anisopteromalus calandrae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) on certain coleopteran stored products beetles in Egypt2112191544410.21608/eajbsa.2009.15444ENHany A. S.Abd El-GawadBiological Control Research Dept., Plant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Giza, EgyptAbd El-Aziz E.Abd El-AzizBiological Control Research Dept., Plant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Giza, EgyptAtef M.M.SayedBiological Control Research Dept., Plant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20181001The effect of direct release (inside bags) of faba bean seeds or wheatgrains with the release of<em>Anisopteromalus calandrae</em> was studied on insects populations, percentage damage seeds and percentage weight loss of stored seeds or grains due to infestation with<em> Callosobruchus</em> <em>maculates</em> (F.), <em>Callosobruchus</em> <em>chinensis</em> (L.) on faba bean seeds, <em>Rhyzopertha dominica</em> (F.)and <em>Sitophilus oryzae</em> (L.) on wheat grains at Ismalia and Sharkia governorates locations.
Results showed release of <em>A. calandrae</em> reduced the monthly rate of increase of tested beetles on faba bean at rates between 35.20 and 42.14%. These rates resulted in populations reduction at the end of 6 month storage period at rates between 31.24 and 36.71%. In case of wheat grains the monthly rate of increase was reduced at rates between 29.05 and 46.80%. These rates resulted in populations reduction at the end of storage period at rates between 31.51 and 47.98%. The relative faba bean damage after the storage period was reduced in the range of 32.71 to 40.99% as a result of the parasitoid release. In case of wheat grains the obtained reduction in grain weight ranged between 72.67 and 81.66.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092220091201Parasitizm of Locust by Entomopathogenic Nematode in Relation to Insect Microaggregation Inhibitor2212301544510.21608/eajbsa.2009.15445ENSouad A.ShairraAgriculture Research Center, Plant Protection Research Institute, Biological Control Research Dep., Giza, Egypt, 12618Journal Article20181001 The present work mainly focused on the susceptibility of <em>Schistocerca gregaria</em> (Forskal( 5<sup>th</sup> instar nymphs to the entomopathogenic nematodes, <em>Steinernema glaseri </em>(Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) as a natural exposure experiment. The entomopathogenic nematode, <em>S</em>.<em> glaseri </em>turned out to be successful parasitoid of the orthopteran insect <em>S</em>.<em> gregaria</em>. The death rate of locusts (sprayed with nematode on clover leafs) was remarkably high. Nematode killed approximately 65% of the locust with in 72 hours post infection at semi-field trial. The impact of parasitation on locusts' immune defense was closely investigated for <em>S. gregaria </em>parasitized by <em>S. glaseri</em>. Nymphs died within 48-72h after being fed clover leafs contaminated with 1500/ml <em>S. glaseri</em> juveniles or previously contaminated with the dual cyclooxygenase/lipoxygenase inhibitor, phenidone. The injection of <em>S. gregaria </em>nymphs with, phenidone exhibited significant reduction in microaggegation in response to the nematode injections. At 12h post-injection, insignificant differences were recorded of the individual inhibitor on microaggregation, compared to the ethanol-treated (control) nymphs. Cellular defense components were strongly influenced by parasitation within the first 12h after injection of the nematodes. Nymph's haemolymph was assayed.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092220091201Purification and Characterization of Two Antimicrobial Peptides from Bacterial-challenged Haemolymph of Bombyx mori Larva.2312431544610.21608/eajbsa.2009.15446ENAlaaEddeen M.SeufiEntomology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptGhada M.El BassionyEntomology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptSafinz S.IbrahimBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181001Defense peptides and proteins constitute key factors in insect humoral immune response against invading microorganisms. In this study, biochemical approach was designed to purify and characterize two peptides which appeared in larval haemolymph of <em>B. mori</em> after bacterial challenge. The results showed a significant increase of total protein of the bacterial-challenged haemolymph and then declined over time. This suggested that the AMPs are upregulated and released in haemolymph as “acute phase response” of the insect. Full antimicrobial activity was observed for the immune haemolymph at 24 h p.i. Fractionation of the immune haemolymph extract on a reversed phase C-18 column allowed effective separation of 5 fractions containing mainly proteins and peptides of molecular masses below 20 kDa. After fractionation, one out of three fractions (fraction# 5) exhibited the strongest antimicrobial activity. Finally, two peptides (5.8 and 4.3 KDa) were purified and one of them (4.3 KDa) showed full antimicrobial activity and very weak hemolytic activity up to concentration of 100 µg/ ml. These results were consistent to the results of quantitative protein analysis. Conclusively, this study demonstrated that the antimicrobial activity of the immune haemplymph is related to the presence of two antimicrobial peptides.