Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092120090601Biological study of the coccinellid predator, Stethorus punctillum under different constant temperatures171544710.21608/eajbsa.2009.15447ENReda F.A.BakrDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptNoha A. MGenidyDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptM. A.GesrahaDepartment of Pests and Plant Protection, National Research Centre, Cairo, EgyptN. A.FaragDepartment of Pests and Plant Protection, National Research Centre, Cairo, EgyptHoda H.A.ElbeheryDepartment of Pests and Plant Protection, National Research Centre, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181001The ladybeetle, <em>Stethorus punctillum</em> Wiese (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera), is one of the common predators for the two-spotted spider mite, <em>Tetranychus urticae</em> (Koch.). When this predator was reared under different constant temperatures (15, 25 and 35°C), the duration of all stages decreased with increasing temperature. The optimum rearing temperature for this predator under laboratory conditions was found to be 25°C. When the predator feed on alternative food source we found that no oviposition was recorded on any alternative foods, therefore, no eggs were deposited. There were difference in adult <em>S</em>.<em> punctillum</em> longevity associated with different alternative food they feed, the longest period recorded was 12.70 days when the predator feed on a mixture of honey droplets, pollen grains and royal jelly. The shortest periods recorded was 3.75 days when the predator was starved or 3.90 days when feed on aphid. Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092120090601Preliminary field investigations on Phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from a recent cutaneous leishmaniasis focus in Northern-Sinai, Egypt951544810.21608/eajbsa.2009.15448ENAdel R.FahmyEntomology Department, Faculty of Sci., Ain Shams Univ., Abbasia, Cairo, EgyptAbdalla M.SamyEntomology Department, Faculty of Sci., Ain Shams Univ., Abbasia, Cairo, EgyptSaid A.DohaResearch and Train. Center on Vectors of Diseases, Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, EgyptMagdi G.ShehataEntomology Department, Faculty of Sci., Ain Shams Univ., Abbasia, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181001Species composition, sex ratio and nocturnal activity of sandflies were studied in El Barth, a recent focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in North Sinai, Egypt. CDC light traps and sticky paper traps were used for insect collection. Two species of sandflies were identified; <em>Phlebotomus papatasi</em> and <em>P. sergenti</em>. <em>P. papatasi</em> constituted more than 82 % of the collected sandflies in the surveyed sites. Number of caught <em>P. papatasi </em>females was almost double that of males, however, it was slightly male biased in case of P<em>. sergenti.</em> Both sandfly species exhibited nocturnal activity and peaked at 24:00-2:00. This study might be a step towards a better understanding of vector population dynamics in this recent focus of CL. Using the results of this study, health workers in this area can better manage control and prevention tactics of cutaneous leishmaniasis.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092120090601Food consumption of the coccinellid predator, Stethorus punctillum reared on the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae under different constant temperatures17221544910.21608/eajbsa.2009.15449ENReda F. A.BakrDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Sci., Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptM. A.GesrahaDepartment of Pests and Plant Protection, National Research Centre, Cairo, EgyptNoha A.M.GenidyDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Sci., Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptN. A.FaragDepartment of Pests and Plant Protection, National Research Centre, Cairo, EgyptHoda H.A.ElbeheryDepartment of Pests and Plant Protection, National Research Centre, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181001Food consumption of the predator, <em>Stethorus punctillum</em> Wiese reared on immature and mature stages of the prey, <em>Tetranychus urticae </em>(Koch) was studied under laboratory conditions at three different constant temperatures (15, 25 and 35ºC). The larval instars consumed more immature prey individuals at 15ºC, followed by 35 ºC then 25ºC. Adult males of the predator consumed more individuals of immature preys at 35ºC, followed by 25 ºC then at 15ºC, while the predator females relatively consumed more prey individuals than the males, at the same temperatures.
When the larvae of the predator reared on mature stages of the prey, they consumed more prey individuals at 15ºC, followed by 25ºC then at 35ºC. The adult males and females of the predator consumed almost the same numbers of the prey individuals. They consumed the highest number of preys at 35ºC, followed by 25ºC, while the lowest consumed number was recorded at 15ºC.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092120090601Ovicidal Activity and Biological Effects of Radiant and Hexaflumuron Against Eggs of Pink Bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)23361545010.21608/eajbsa.2009.15450ENNehad M.El-BarkeyEntomology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha UniversityA. E.AmerPlant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Dokki-Giza, EgyptMervet A.KandeelPlant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Dokki-Giza, EgyptJournal Article20181001Under<br />the laboratory conditions, toxicological evaluation of two compounds, Radiant<br />SC 12% and Hexaflumuron (IGR) EC 10% against eggs of <em>Pectinophora<br />gossypiella</em> (Saund.) and biological effect of these compounds on larvae,<br />pupae and adult emergence resulted from treated eggs was also studied. The<br />results revealed that LC<sub>50s </sub>were 3.15, 0.811and 0.522 ppm., when<br />one, two and prehatching days old eggs, respectively were treated with Radiant,<br />while LC<sub>50s</sub> were 3.754, 2.863 and 2.004 ppm, respectively for<br />Hexaflumuron. The obtained results show a prolongation in larval and pupal<br />developments resulted from treated eggs by Radiant, estimated by 20.8, 18.5 and<br />8.2 days, respectively for larvae and 8.9, 8.8 and 7.9 days for pupae. In case<br />of Hexaflumuron, duration were 22.3, 20.6 and 20.4 days, respectively for<br />larvae after egg treated and 10.8,10.0 and 11.3 days, respectively for pupae. In contrast, in adult stage, the<br />results indicated high reduction in total eggs laid, percentage of hatchability<br />and longevity.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092120090601Effect of the juvenile hormone analogue (Admiral) on viability of eggs and postembryonic development of the soft tick Argas persicus (Oken)37451545110.21608/eajbsa.2009.15451ENWafaa A.RadwanDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams UniversityNadiaHelmyDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams UniversityNoha A.GuneidyDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams UniversityShimaa S.MohammedDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams UniversityJournal Article20181001Treatment of one day old females (previtellogenic) of <em>A. persicus</em> with JHA (Admiral) showed a significant effect on viability of deposited eggs and on total mortality of post-embryonic stages. On the other hand, treatment of 3-days old females (vitellogenic) and 7-days old females (post-vitellogenic and ovulation) of <em>A. persicus</em> exhibited a highly significant effect on viability of eggs and on total mortality of post-embryonic stages (especially larval and younger nymphal instars).
The topical application of JHA (Admiral) in different doses to newly laid eggs (0-1 h POP) of <em>A. persicus</em> has a highly significant effect on the development of treated eggs. This was also true in case of dipping of egg masses in solution containing different doses of Admiral for 1 minute. This effect increased by increasing the dose of the hormonal material.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092120090601Desiccation intolerance of the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (oliv) adults in relation to their cuticular hydrocarbons47531545210.21608/eajbsa.2009.15452ENMonzer M.A.Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptHesham A.SrourPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20181001<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: EN-US;">The<br />desiccation tolerance of red palm weevil (RPW), <em>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</em><br />was investigated in the laboratory. Adults exposed to 35 or 75% relative<br />humidity showed high rate of water loss. Water loss rate averaged 2.32 ± 0.35<br />and 6.71 ± 0.73 mg /g fresh body weight/hr at 35 or 75% RH, respectively, and<br />cumulative loss increased with time. Adults exposed to 35% RH died within a<br />maximum of 4 days. Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) were isolated and identified<br />from adults to elucidate the physiological basis of their intolerance to<br />desiccation. They were dominated by saturated n-alkanes (75%), while the ester<br />compound 1-henicosyl formate, the fatty alcohol 3-(E) eicosanol and the alkene tricosene<br />represented 25% of total surface CHCs. The desecration intolerance of weevils<br />was attributed to the presence of relatively high proportion of 1-henicosyl<br />formate (17.5%) which could form large pores within the waxy waterproofed CHCs layer<br />of weevils</span>Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092120090601Effect of feeding by two Neochetina species or infestation with Tetranychus urticae Koch on histological structure of water hyacinth leaves55611545310.21608/eajbsa.2009.15453ENِAmal A. A.El -ZoghbyPlant Prot. Res. Inest. Dokki Giza EgyptFatma S.AliFac. Agric. Cairo Univ. Giza EgyptAbo Bakr M. H.A.Fac. Agric. Cairo Univ. Giza EgyptMahgoub M.H.Fac. Agric. Cairo Univ. Giza EgyptJournal Article20181001Both<br />weevils, <em>Neochetina bruchi </em>(Hustache) and <em>Neochetina eichhorniae </em>Warner<br />feed on water hyacinth plants as a biocontrol agents. <em>Tetranychus urticae</em><br />Koch infested the plants grown under light and thermostatic controlled aquatic<br />weed green house, and caused repellency of the weevils. Studying some<br />histological structure, of water hyacinth leaves infested with mites, showed increase<br />of the thickness of upper epidermis, number of palisade cell and thickness of<br />leaf petiole, compared with the control and leaves infested with weevils which<br />recorded decrease in the thickness of leaf petiole and increase in lower<br />palisade tissue. The mites infested plants lost chlorophyll, turned brownish<br />and lost size of vacuoles or air chambers used to store the oxygen. The volume<br />of these vacuoles was very small in case of mite infested plants compared with<br />leaves infested with weevils as the same as control. The weevils feeding reflected<br />in increase in both, length and width of fed upon leaves. Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092120090601Host plants shifting affects the biology and biochemistry of spodoptera littoralis (boisd.) (lepidoptera: noctuidae)63711545410.21608/eajbsa.2009.15454ENFatma K.AdhamDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo UniversityEman M.RashadDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig UniversityIbrahim F.ShoukryDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig UniversityEnas E.NasrDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig UniversityJournal Article20181001The effect of shifting <em>Spodoptera littoralis</em> larvae from a host plant to another pointed out that pupal weight, growth index, female longevity and fecundity were affected. Host plants considered were okra, tomato and castor oil plants. Larvae were reared for three successive generations under laboratory conditions (25-30˚C, 70%R.H. and 12D:12L) on each of the three chosen plants, and then shifted to each of the other two hosts.
Larvae reared continuously on castor oil leaves, okra and tomato leaves then shifted to either one of the other plants induced a highly significant decrease in the mean pupal weight. Shifting from the favourable host (castor oil leaves) to either okra or tomato leaves, highly significantly decrease the growth rate and the mean number of eggs deposited by the female. Shifting from castor oil leaves to either okra or tomato induced insignificant increase in the female longevity. Phytochemical analysis showed that, castor oil leaves, possess a high value of total carbohydrates, total proteins and nitrogen meanwhile the phenolic compounds were present at a low value level. Biochemical analysis showed that both essential and non essential amino acid were higher in the hemolymph of the last larval instars of <em>S. littoralis</em> reared on castor oil leaves. A noticeable decrement was detected in the amino acid level of larvae fed on okra leaves followed by more decrement in larvae fed on tomato leaves.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092120090601Effect of weed borders on insect pests and their associated predators on sugar beet and cotton plant fields73801545510.21608/eajbsa.2009.15455ENAhmed HasanMsebahPlant Protection Research Institute, Department of Biological Control, Agric. Research
Station, Sakha, ARC, Egypt.Monir MohamedEl-HusseiniCenter of Biological Control, Fac. of Agric., Cairo UnivJournal Article20181001 The study of the relationship between the important insect pests and their related predators on weeds border of the sugar beet and cotton fields was carried out at Kafr El-Sheikh region during two successive seasons, 2005/2006 and 2006/2007. Seven insect species, four insect pests and three predators were recorded on both weeds border and sugar beet plants, while eleven insect species occurred on cotton plants, seven insect pests and four predators. The most dominant predators were <em>Scymnus </em>spp., <em>Coccinella undecimpunctata</em> and <em>Paederus alfierii</em>. Significant correlation was found between <em>Scymnus </em>spp. on weeds and jassids on sugar beet and cotton. There was significant correlation between <em>Scymnus </em>spp. on weeds and on cotton plants (r = 0.502). Signficant correlation was recorded between <em>Scymnus</em> spp. on weeds and aphids on sugar beet (r = 0.598). On cotton plants, 97% of <em>Scymnus </em>spp. were larvae, while 100% of <em>Scymnus </em>spp. on weeds border were adults. There were relationship between the <em>C. undecimpunctata</em> and <em>P. alfierii</em> predators and <em>Oxycarenus hyalinipennis </em>pest on weeds border (0.791) and on cotton plants (0.522*). Highly significant correlation was recorded between <em>O. hyalinipennis</em> on weeds border and the on cotton plants (r=0.676**) in the second season. The weeds border served as dwelling of the predators especially in winter. <em>Scymnus </em>spp. was common predators on Bermod grass (<em>Cynodon dactylon</em>). When the predator numbers began to decrease on weeds border began to increase on plant crops by third week of May.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092120090601Use the Coccinella undecimpunctata L. for controlling Aphis gossypii Glover and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) on cucumber in Egypt83871545610.21608/eajbsa.2009.15456ENHany A. S.Abd El-GawadBiological Control Research Dept., Plant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Amal A. A.El-ZoghbeyBiological Control Research Dept., Plant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20181001 Three rates of <em>Coccinella undecimpunctata</em> L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) stages release in cucumber field for controlling <em>Aphis gossypii</em> Glover and <em>Myzus persicae</em> (Sulzer)(Hemiptera: Aphididae) was repeated 4 times at 15-day intervals. The tested rates were 12000 predator larvae/ feddan/releases,6000 predator adults/feddan/releases and combinationof 6000 larvae and 3000 adults/feddan/releases. The releases were conducted during 2007 and 2008 at a location in Qalubia Governorate. This release indicated the potential use of this predator to control the targeted aphis on cucumber. Reduction in aphids' populations and subsequent yields were significant. Highest reduction and yield gain was observed when combinationlarvae and adults were released.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092120090601Biocidal Activity of two botanical volatile oils against the larvae of Synthesiomyia nudiseta (Wulp) (Diptera: Muscidae)891011549610.21608/eajbsa.2009.15496ENAbdel Fattah A.KhalafZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig-44519, EgyptKaram T.HusseinZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig-44519, EgyptKhater K.ShoukryZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig-44519, EgyptJournal Article20181001 The volatile oils of golden pillar, <em>Cupressus macrocarpa </em>and galangal, <em>Alpinia officinarum</em> were extracted and their constituents were identified. Alpha pinene and trans-caryophyllene were the major isolated constituents of <em>C. macrocarpa </em>oil, and 1,8 cineole and 4-terpeniol were the major compounds of <em>A. officinarum</em> oil.
The present study revealed that the botanical volatile oils used, had morphogenic effects against <em>S. nudiseta </em>stages. Theseincludelarval-pupal intermediates, pupal-adult intermediates, deformed adults with crumpled wings and/ or deformed thorax and abdomen. Also some adults couldn't emerge and remained in their puparia.
The histological effects induced by oils treatment in the body wall were represented by degeneration and detachment of hypodermis and dissolving of the exocuticle in some regions. The histopathological effects that appeared in the midgut were shrinkage in some epithelial cells and swelling of other cells.
Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092120090601Toxicological and biochemical studies of Methylamine Avermactin, a new type of bioinsecticide against the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Biosd).1031161550010.21608/eajbsa.2009.15500ENHassan F.DahiPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Doki, Giza, Egypt, Pest Physiology Dept.Yasser A.El-SayedBenha Univ. Faculty of Science, Entomology DepartmentNehad M. El-Barkey2El-BarkeyBenha Univ. Faculty of Science, Entomology DepartmentMona F.Abd-El AzizBenha Univ. Faculty of Science, Entomology Department.Journal Article20181001 Larvicidal efficacy of a new semi-synthetic avermectin derivative Methylamine avermectin (Radical 0.5% EC) was determined against larval instars of the Egyptian cotton leafworm, <em>Spodoptera littoralis</em> (Biosd.) in the laboratory, field and semi field experiments. 2<sup>nd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> instar larvae showed greatest susceptibility to the Radical in the laboratory experiment. The LC<sub>50s </sub>values of the 2<sup>nd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> larval instar after 48 hours were 0.005 and 0.008 ppm, respectively. Radical was tested with recommended dosage (200 ml / 100 liter water) in field; it caused 84.6% reduction of pest population up to day 8 post-treatment. On the other hand, the semi field application of the same recommended dose on the 2<sup>nd</sup> instar larvae showed general mean 73.6% mortality, 7 days after post-treatment. Also, some biochemical changed in the 4<sup>th</sup> instar larvae after 48 hours of treatment with tested bioinsecticide were measured. It’s clear from the results that activities of trehalase, invertase and acetylcholine esterase were increased in all treatments. Tested bioinsecticide reduced the activity of alkaline phosphatase at all doses compared to untreated larvae. No significant changes in acid-phosphataseactivities were observed at all treatment doses. On studying the effect of esterases isozymes patterns, there were no differences in number and position of esterases isozymes between untreated and treated larvae in the whole larval body tissues although each band different in its concentration. The toxicity of the formulation to some beneficial predators was also evaluated in the field. There was no detectable effect of these bioinsecticide on naturally occurring beneficial species.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092120090601Heat Requirements for the Development of the Black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hüfnagel) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera)1171241550210.21608/eajbsa.2009.15502ENHassan F.DahiPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricult. Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptWalaa G.IbrahemPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricult. Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Mohsen M.AliPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricult. Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20181001The present investigation aimed to study the effect of three constant temperatures (20, 25, and 30°C) on the development of the black cutworm, <em>Agrotis ipsilon</em> (Hüfnagel). The incubation period, larval duration, pupal duration, pre-oviposition period and duration of generation were estimated. The time required for development was decreased as the temperature increased from 20 to30 °C. The lower threshold temperatures (t<sub>0</sub>) was 11.49°C for eggs, 10.63 °C for larvae, 9.83 °C for pupae, 11.06 °C for pre-oviposition period and 10.53 °C for generation. The average thermal requirements needed for completing the development were 51.3, 303.5, 183.5, 38.1 and 575.3 degree-days for eggs, larvae, pupae, pre-oviposition period and generation, respectively.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092120090601Some aquatic insects and invertebrates as bioindicators for the evaluation of bacteriological pollution in El-Zomor and El-Mariotya canals, Giza, Egypt1251311550610.21608/eajbsa.2009.15506ENFatma K.AdhamDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo UniversityRefaat M.GabreDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo UniversityIbrahim A.IbrahimDepartment of Zoology & Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan UniversityJournal Article20181001Some aquatic insects and invertebrates were used for monitoring the effect of bacteriological pollution upon water quality during two years (October, 2001- August, 2003) at six sampling sites situated at El-Zomor and El-Mariotya canals (branches from the River Nile), Giza Governorate, Egypt. Results obtained revealed that 5 species of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus faecium & Proteus mirabilis) were detected from water samples. K. pneumonia, S. faecium and P. mirabilis were not detected at IIIZ site and; S. faecium was not detected at IIZ sampling site. Meanwhile only two species (E. coli & E. faecalis) were detected in all El-Mariotya canal sampling sites. E. coli & E. faecalis showed high bacterial counts during summer months. The bacterial species isolated from aquatic insects belong to different orders mainly Diptera; Ephemeroptera and Odonata; however, there is no isolation of bacteria from aquatic invertebrate belonging to orders Cladocera & Cyclopoida. The 5 bacterial species that were detected in the water samples were isolated from the collected aquatic insects at IZ sampling site, while at IIZ sampling site 4 species (E. coli, K. pneumonia, E. faecalis & P. mirabilis) and only two species (E. coli & E. faecalis) at IIIZ sampling site. However, only 2 species of bacteria (E. coli & E. faecalis) were isolated from ElMariotya canal. It is clear that some aquatic stages of Diptera, Ephemeroptera and Odonata could be selected as bioindicator of water bacterial pollution.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092120090601Embryonic and post-emergence changes of acid and alkaline phosphatases in the cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)1331411550910.21608/eajbsa.2009.15509ENZahia K.MostafaDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams UniversitySondos A.MohamedPlant Protection Research Institute, Dokki-Giza, EgyptEman M.RashadDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig UniversityJournal Article20181001The acid and alkaline phosphatase activities were studied in the developing egg of the cotton leaf worm, <em>Spodoptera littoralis</em> at different time intervals (ages, 0 - 72 h). The activities of these enzymes were also studied in aging ovary and testis of post-emerged adult at the same intervals (ages, 0 – 72 h). The post-emerged adults were grouped into mated and non-mated females and males.
Acid phosphatase activity was noticed to be cyclic with the embryonic development and was higher than that of alkaline phosphatase. Alkaline phosphatase activity was slightly increased in the freshly laid eggs but decreased more sharply than acid phosphatase during embryonic development. In all groups of post-emerged adults, acid phosphatase activities were much greater than those of the alkaline phosphatase at any given stage of progressively increasing age. Acid and alkaline phosphatase activities were also noticed to be cyclic in the post-emerged mated and non-mated adults. A conspicuous difference was noted between the activities of these enzymes in ovaries and testes of mated and non-mated adults. This phenomenon could be due to the periods of spermatozoa production in the testes and yolk accumulation in oocytes and ovulation. Mating could be also a factor that affected the phosphatases in both males and females.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092120090601Physiological effect of a food additive on some haematological and biochemical parameters of male albino rats1431511551110.21608/eajbsa.2009.15511ENMohammed S.AL-ShinnawyBiological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181001 Food additives are used for various purposes, including preservation, colouring and sweetening. Some food additives, however, have been prohibited from use because of their toxicity. Azo dyes are one of these food additives which widely used as colorants in foods. The extent of such use is related to the degree of industrialization of the society. Approximately 1-5× 10<sup>5</sup> pounds of the dye amaranth were used each year in over 60countries.
The present study aimed to investigate the possible influence impacts of amaranth (red dye) on some hematological and biochemical parameters of male albino rat,<em> Rattus norvegicus</em> . So, sixty adult male rats weighing 100-110gm. were divided into 3groups, the first one served as a control, the second received 25mg/kg of amaranth and the third group was treated with 75mg/kg of amaranth. Rats were treated orally for 30days followed a recovery for another 30days.
The obtained data reveal a marked decrease in the percentage of body weight gain, red blood cells (R.B.Cs) counts, Hemoglobin (Hb) content, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), serum total lipids and serum total cholesterol of rats treated with the high dose of amaranth. On the other hand, a noticeable increase in hematocrit (Hct) value, Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), activities of Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) , alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glucose level, serum total protein and globulin were found in rats treated with the high dose of amaranth. In general, there was appreciable improvement after the recovery period.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092120090601Effect of Ginger Extract Consumption on levels of blood Glucose, Lipid Profile and Kidney Functions in Alloxan Induced-Diabetic Rats.1531621551510.21608/eajbsa.2009.15515ENAbd-Elraheem A.ElshaterSouth Valley University, Faculty of Science, Zoology DepartmentMuhammad M. A.SalmanSouth Valley University, Faculty of Science, Zoology DepartmentMahrous M. A.MoussaSouth Valley University, Faculty of Science, Zoology DepartmentJournal Article20181001<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">In recent years, ginger has become a subject of<br />interest because of its beneficial effects on human health. The purpose of the<br />present study was to investigate the effects of daily oral administration of ginger<br />extract for 6 weeks on plasma glucose, lipid profile and kidney functions in<br />alloxan-induced diabetic rats to show the ameliorating and partly curative<br />effects in alloxan induced-diabetic rats (150 mg/kg i.p.(Intrapretonial). Rats (130-150gm)<br />were divided into 4 groups; normal control rats, diabetic control rats,<br />diabetic rats post-treated with ginger and diabetic rats pretreated with ginger.<br />Ginger extract was administered orally for 6 weeks to post-treated and pre-treated<br />rats, and they were compared with the normal and diabetic groups, respectively.<br />Plasma glucose was reduced significantly in both post-treated and pre-treated<br />groups. The post-treatment with ginger extract reduced plasma cholesterol,<br />triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol, but during the pre-treatment with ginger<br />extract produced insignificant change only in plasma triglyceride level. The plasma<br />HDL-cholesterol was significantly increased in post-treated and pre-treated<br />groups. The plasma creatinine, urea and uric acid levels were significantly reduced<br />in post-treated group; also in pre-treated group, they were reduced but urea<br />level statistically did not change. It is concluded that the consumption of ginger<br />produced a significant hypoglycemic effect in diabetic rats. In addition, ginger<br />is capable of improving hyperlipidemia and the impaired kidney functions in alloxan-induced<br />diabetic rats</span>Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092120090601Molecular mechanism of chromium (VI) Induced Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in L929 Mouse Fibroblasts1771881551810.21608/eajbsa.2009.15518ENMohamed W.KhalilZoology Dept. Faculty of science-Fayoum UniversityNadia Raghib AliAbo-zeidFellow in Ain Shams Specialized Hospital, EM lab.
Ain Shams University,Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181001Several methods were used to investigate the mode of death of L929 mouse fibroblast cells in cultures treated with different concentrations of sodium Chromate. Drastic morphological alterations were showed; the cells have grown chaotic, lost their alignment and adherence to the dish surface, consequently they appeared almost round. The nuclei became bigger, later on fragmented into multi nuclei as indication to apoptosis.
Chromate inhibited the proliferation of L929 cells and led to the increase of free nucleosomes in the cell cytoplasm. The exposure of cells to Chromate for 24 and 48 hrs. led to the accumulation of the cells in G2 /M. the ratios were 66.5 and 84 % after 24 and 48 hrs. respectively. The cells in S phase remained unaffected for 24 hrs. and then extensively fall down, may be due to the induction of apoptosis. It was observed that a dose-dependent increase in caspase 3 and caspase 8 activities due to treatment with Chromate. These data are expressed as the fold increase in caspases activities as compared with the control.
Gel electrophoresis of DNA extracted from cells treated with Chromate for 48 h revealed the discontinuous “ladder" pattern of degradation. Such patterns of DNA degradation generally serve as a marker of apoptosis and indicate a preferential hydrolysis of DNA at the internucleosomal linker regions.
The conclusion of cytometric, microscopic, and biochemical data reported in this study fully supported that Cr (VI) induces genotoxic and cytotoxic effects including structural and functional DNA damage.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092120090601Histological and Ultrastructural studies on the kidneys of albino rat under the effect of tiaprofenic acid and the possibility of recovery after stoppage of the drug1892061561410.21608/eajbsa.2009.15614ENNadia R. A.Abo-zeidFellow in Ain Shams Specialized Hospital, EM lab.
Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.Mohamed W.. KhalilZoology Dept. Faculty of science-Fayoum UniversityJournal Article20181002The present study was performed to evaluated the pathological effects of tiaprofenic acid (surgam) on the kidneys of adult male albino rat and the possibility of recovery after stoppage of the drug administration. 40 male albino rats divided into 4 equal groups were used in this study. Group I: (the control group) the animals were intramuscularly injected with 0.5 ml physiological saline solution. Group II, the animals were intramuscularly injected with the therapeutic dose of tiaprofenic acid (TA) (18 mg/kg b.w.) every 12 hours for 2 weeks. Group III, the animals were intramuscularly injected with double the therapeutic dose of (TA) (36 mg/kg b.w.) every 12 hours for 2 weeks. Group IV, the animals were intramuscularly injected with double the therapeutic dose of (TA) (36 mg/kg b.w.) every 12 hours for 2 weeks and then left without treatment for 4 weeks for the possibility of recovery. Animals of groups I,II,III were sacrificed 24 hours after the last dose, while animals of group IV were sacrificed 4 weeks after the last dose, and the kidney samples were obtained and processed for histological and ultrastructural examinations. Histological changes in the rat kidney induced by tiaprofenic acid (TA) included hypertrophied glomeruli, swelling of the parietal epithelial cells, proliferation of the mesangial cells, and narrowing of the urinary spaces. Moreover, the cells of the proximal and distal convoluted tubules showed marked cloudy swelling with hypertrophied nuclei ; some displayed signs of pyknosis and karyolysis. Many inflammatory cells invading the intertubular spaces were also seen.Ultrastructural observations revealed swollen of the parietal epithelial cells of Bowman’s capsules , narrow urinary spaces, focal fusion of the visceral epithelial cells, thickened glomerular basement membrane and dilated glomerular capillaries with the prescence of amorphous materials as well as blood cells in the capillaries lumina. The proximal convoluted tubules showed erosion of the microvilli constituting the brush borders, with cell debris or cast in the lumina of the tubules; besides, degenerated mitochondria and lysosomes, fragmented rough endoplasmic reticulum and destruction of the basal infoldings were observed. The epithelial cells of the distal convoluted tubules manifested marked loss of some basal infoldings as well as degenerated mitochondria, and destructed endoplasmic reticulum. However, in the recovery group there was marked improvment in the kidney tissues which appeared more or less normal.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092120090601Morphological changes induced in the antenna of cowpea beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera : Bruchidae) after treatment with lufenuron2072181561510.21608/eajbsa.2009.15615ENMohamed W.KhalilZoology Dept. Faculty of science-Fayoum UniversityNadia R. A.Abo-zeidFellow in Ain Shams Specialized Hospital, EM lab.
Ain Shams University,Cairo, EgyptSoryia E.HafezDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams UniveristyRagaa K.A.HamedDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams UniveristyLaila S. HHamoudaDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams UniveristyJournal Article20181002The effect of a chitin synthesis inhibitor (Lufenuron) on the antennal segements and their sensilla of cowpea beetle, <em>Callosobruchus maculatus </em>(Fabricius) was studied by using scanning electron microscope.
Seven types of sensilla were recognized on both untreated and treated antennae with 9 ppm of lufenuron, including Böhm bristles (BB), two types of sensilla trichodea (ST<sub>1</sub>, ST<sub>2</sub>), sensilla chaetica (SC), two types of sensilla basiconica (SB<sub>1</sub>, SB<sub>2</sub>) and grooved peg (GP). The functions of these sensilla were discussed in relation to their position on the antenna.
Significant difference in lengths of most segments of the antennae between untreated and treated beetles was observed. A significant difference in lengths and diameters of nearly all types of sensilla was recorded. The highest increase in length of sensilla was noticed for the sensilla chaetica followed by sensilla trichodea. These types are used by insects as mechanosensory, sex pheromone and gustatory receptors that help them to make a decision to select their food and oviposition sites.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092120090601Toxicity and biological effects of three Egyptian isolates of baculovirus on the cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis (boisd)2192261561610.21608/eajbsa.2009.15616ENDalia M.MahmoudDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams UniversityRagaa K.A.HamedDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams UniversityAlaaEdeen M.SeufiDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo UniversityMohammad S.SalamaDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams UniversityNadia M. LotfiDiwanDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams UniversityAkila M M.El ShafeiDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams UniversityJournal Article20181002The toxicity of three different isolates of Egyptian baculovirus namely NPV<sub>Giza</sub>, NPV<sub>Cairo</sub> and NPV<sub>Alex</sub> to S<em>podoptera littoralis </em>larvae and their effects on some biological aspects of adults were studied. The second and fourth larval instars were highly susceptible to NPV<sub>Cairo</sub> than to the other isolates. The second larval instar was highly susceptible than the fourth larval instar. NPV<sub>Cairo</sub> induced larval, pupal and adult malformations. It was found that the three NPV's decreased the moth longevity, fecundity, egg hatchability and altered the sex ratio.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092120090601Effect of juvenile hormone analogue (Admiral) on embryogenesis of the soft tick Argas persicus (Oken)1651761571610.21608/eajbsa.2009.15716ENNadia H.AhmedDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain-Shams UniversityWafaa A.RadwanDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain-Shams UniversityNoha A.GuneidyDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain-Shams UniversityShimaa S.MohammedDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain-Shams UniversityJournal Article20181003Embryonic development of the fowl tick A. persicus was investigated during<br />cleavage stage, blastoderm formation, gastrulation and organogenesis. Cleavage<br />started 1 h post-oviposition (POP) and is indicated by presence of vitellophages of<br />different sizes. Blastoderm is formed at 48 h POP. Secondary vitellophages are<br />observed by 24 h POP. By 72 h POP, the germ band is formed. At 96 h POP, while<br />the embryonic envelops are formed, gastrulation of the germ band takes place.<br />Segmentation and differentiation of germ band, as well as, blastokinesis occur at 120<br />h POP. The stomodaeal and proctodaeal invagination started to differentiate at 120 h<br />POP. The anterior and posterior midgut rudiments can be observed at 144 h POP. By<br />168 h POP, the nervous system, as well as, rectal sac and malpighian tubules are<br />formed.<br />Histological study revealed that application of JHA (Admiral) to newly laid<br />eggs of A. persicus blocked the embryonic development of affected eggs at cleavage<br />stage and before blastoderm and pole cells formation. In 24 h-old treated eggs, few<br />cleavage nuclei appeared with absence of secondary vitellophages and pole cells. In<br />48 h-old treated eggs, the blastoderm was rudimentary and irregularly arranged. In 72<br />h-old treated eggs, disintegration of the rudimentary blastoderm and cracking of the<br />cytoplasm could be seen. Starting from 96-old eggs until hatching at 168 h, complete<br />destruction of the eggs was clear.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092120090601Combined effect of entomopathogenic nematodes and biopesticides to control the greasy cut worm, Agrotis ipsilion (Hufn.) in the strawberry fields2272361571810.21608/eajbsa.2009.15718ENBadr El – Sabah A.FetohPlant protection Research Institute (PPRI), ARC, Dokki, Giza, EgyptAmani S.KhaledDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams Univ., EgyptThoraia F. K.El-NagarDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams Univ., EgyptJournal Article20181003Laboratory and field tests were conducted to evaluate the impact of the beneficial nematodes and two biopesticides when used alone or in combination against the greasy cut worm, <em>Agrotis ipsilon</em> (Hufn.) in infested strawberry field as a new approach of integrated pest management (IPM). Under laboratory conditions, larvae and pupae of <em>A. ipsilon</em> were highly susceptible to the two nematode species, <em>Steinernema carpocapsal</em> (Sc) and <em>Heterorahabditis bacteriophora</em> (Hb) when used separately and the percentage mortality increase with increase the dose of nematodes. The concentration of 100 IJs was more effective than 25 IJs for both of the two species of nematodes used. The two biopesticides: spinosad and proclaim were more effective than nematodes when used separately, spinosad was more significant effective than proclaim. Mixing of nematodes and both spinosad and proclaim increased efficacy and significance of mixtures under the laboratory and field conditions , while the effects of nematodes and biopesticides when used alone or mixed in the laboratory was higher than in the field.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092120090601Ultrastructural changes in integument of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: tenebrionidae) induced by chitin synthesis inhibitor (IGR) chlorfluazuron.2372461571910.21608/eajbsa.2009.15719ENAmani S.KhaledDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181003The present study was planned to investigate the histopathological effects of the chitin synthesis inhibitor chlorfluazuron against the 4<sup>th</sup> larval instar of <em>Tribolium castaneum </em>(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) under electron microscope level. Toxicity of chlorfluazuron was evaluated under three different temperatures. The sublethal concentrations LC<sub>40</sub> were 2.118, 39.76 and 1.207 ppm, at 20, 29 and 38<sup>◦</sup>C respectively. Toxicity of this compound increased at relatively high temperature. Ultrastructural studies were carried out on the integument of the prepupae treated as larvae with LC<sub>40</sub> of chlorfluazuron. The treated samples revealed that exuviae of the old cuticle were existed above the new formed integument, some densely–stained material was deposited in endocuticle, procuticle lamellae were disorganized and partially degenerated. Disappearance of moulting fluid. The hypodermis was destructed and detached from endocuticle. Mitochondria were swollen and fusion. Lysis of lysosomelike bodies. Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88092120090601Evaluation of antiviral activity of honeybee venom on DNA and RNA virus models2472581572110.21608/eajbsa.2009.15721ENRawhia H.RamadanFaculty of Science, Benha UniversityAly F. MMohamedVirology Sector, VACSERA – EgyptMohamed S.Abd El- DaimVirology Sector, VACSERA – EgyptJournal Article20181003The virucidal activity (direct action) of bee venom on Herpes simplex virus type-1(HSV-1) and Adenovirus type -7(adeno-7) as a DNA virus models studies revealed that there was no significant decrease in HSV-1 infectivity titer after 3, 6 and 24 hours of treatments (P>0.05) while 48 hours later a significant viral depletion rate was recoded in the order of 1 log (10)/0.1 ml was detected. Also, the virucidal activity on Adeno-7 virus model showed no change after insignificance 3 hrs of bee venom treatment. There was a significant depletion rate of virus infectivity titer 6 and 24 hrs post treatment recording 3.7 log (10)/0.1 ml and 2.75 log (10)/0.1 ml respectively. Also, the evaluation of virucidal activity of bee venom against RNA model virus of West Nile virus (WNV) revealed that there was a significant decreased in WNV infectivity titer post thermal treatment incubation at 37<sup>o</sup>C for 3, 6, and 24 and 48 hours post treatment with venom recording 5.1 log (10)/0.1 ml, 4.5 log (10)/0.1 ml, 2.1 log (10)/0.1 ml and 0.55 log (10)/0.1 ml respectively. The antiviral activity of bee venom of HSV-1 as a DNA model virus showed that there was a non significant decrease in the infectivity titer post thermal treatment. In the mean time, the antiviral activity of bee venom against Adeno virus sero-type -7 revealed that there was a non significant decrease in Adeno–7 titer 3, 6 and 24 hours post incubation at 37<sup>o</sup>C. Also, evaluation of the antiviral activity of bee venom against RNA model virus West Nile Virus revealed that there was a non significant decrease in West Nile Virus titer after incubation period of 3, 6 and 24 hours post treatment at 37<sup>o</sup>C.
Antiviral activity of bee venom was also compared with that of the standard antiviral drug; interferon -2 a (IFN - 2a). HSV-1 was insignificantly decreased recording 5.5 log (10)/0.1 ml in the bee venom treated cells compared to significant decrease when treated with (IFN - 2a) recording 3.2 log (10)/0.1 ml. In the mean time antiviral activity against adenovirus-7 recorded a significant decrease in virus infectivity titer recording 3.4 log (10)/0.1 ml post bee venom compared with 3.25 log (10)/0.1 ml post IFN treatment which mean that the in vitro studies of the effect of standard IFN used was the same as bee venom on the Adeno-7 virus. The RNA model virus ;WNV was well influenced by bee venom than IFN where the virus infectivity titer recorded 1 log (10) /0.1 ml post bee venom treatment compared with 2.5 log (10)/0.1 ml virus infectivity titer post IFN treatment.