The Toxic Effect of Certain New Alternative Insecticides against Bacterocera zonata under Laboratory Conditions
Heba
Elnagar
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
author
Hussein
El-Naggar
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
author
Mansour
Bashar
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
author
Mohamed
Soliman
author
text
article
2018
eng
Tephritid fruit flies are a group of dangerous insects, attack fruits of fruit trees and certain vegetable fruits in all over the world causing direct and indirect economic injury, from it Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is known as a most serious pest of tropical and subtropical. The experiments carried out during first February, 2018, Bactrocera zonata adults (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae), adults of B. zonata were taken from plant protection research institute at Doki , Giza, Egypt, thenceforth transferred to plant protection research, Sharkia branch .The current study aimed to study the toxic effect of certain two marine sponges,Callyspongia crassa and Grayella cyathophora, bath extracted with ethanol against and used against Bactrocera zonata under laboratory condition at branch of plant protection research institute at Sharkia governorate .The results indicated that the B. zonata female was more susceptibility to these materials compared with B. zonata male . Especially, LC 50 of Callyspongia crassa recorded 1482.6, 1482.6, 705.8 and 496.6 ppm after 48, 72h., 5 days and 10 days against male , respectively but Crella cyathophora extract on B. zonata after 48, and 72 h., 5 days and 10 days recorded 2900, 989.1, 989.1, and 429.9 ppm against male , respectively.Also, the results showed that the toxic effect ofCallyspongia crassa and Crella cyathophora extract with ethanol on B. zoata female after 48, and 72 h., 5 days , where after 48h, the data revealed that the lowest LC50 was 530 ppm in case Callyspongia crassa and Crella cyathophora with 95%confidence 2.83 While, the highest LC50 was 989.1 ppm with confidence value 5.45. Moreover, the highest LC90 was 3577.6 ppm at confidence value5.5but the lowest LC90 was 1504.9 ppm at confidence value 5.5 After 48h and 10 days , respectively.
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
1687-8809
11
v.
3
no.
2018
1
9
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_11448_b14a854dcd60e94d685b9b32c67879a9.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajb.2018.11448
Diversity of Moths (Insecta: Lepidoptera) in the GupteswarProposed Reserve Forest of the Eastern GhatHill,Koraput, Odisha, India: A preliminary Study
Sudheer
Jena
Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation of Natural Resources, Central University of Orissa, Koraput, Odisha 764020, India
author
Amar
Singh
Department of Landscape level planning & Management, Wildlife Institute of India, Post Box 18, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Utarakhand 248001, India
author
Kritish
De
Department of Landscape level planning & Management, Wildlife Institute of India, Post Box 18, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Utarakhand 248001, India
author
text
article
2018
eng
Diversity of moths (Insecta: Lepidoptera) in the Gupteswar proposed reserve forest area of Eastern Ghat hill, Koraput district, Odisha, India was studied for the first time. Total 30 species of moths under 27 genera and 7 families were observed. Highest numbers of species and genera were observed under family Crambidae, followed by family Geometridae and family Erebidae
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
1687-8809
11
v.
3
no.
2018
11
17
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_11677_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajb.2018.11677
Ultrastructural Changes of the Cotton Leaf Worm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) Ovaries Induced by the two IGRs; Diflubenzuron and Chromafenozide.
Saleh
A.
Biological and Geological Sciences Dept., Fac. of Education, Ain Shams Univ., Egypt
author
Ahmed
S.
Biological and Geological Sciences Dept., Fac. of Education, Ain Shams Univ., Egypt
author
Ismail
H.
Biological and Geological Sciences Dept., Fac. of Education, Ain Shams Univ., Egypt
author
text
article
2018
eng
The present study was designed to investigate the possible effects of the two insect growth regulators, Diflubenzuron (Dimilin®) and Chromafenozide (Virtu®), on the ultrastructure of the cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis, ovaries. Therefore, the sublethal concentrations “LC50”(3 ppm of diflubenzuron and 0.1 ppm of chromafenozide) were applied to the 2nd and 4th larval instars. After the Dimilin®-treatment of the 2nd instar larvae (D-II), the ovary of the emerged adult moth showed the separation of outer sheath and shrunk of tunica propria as well as pyknotic follicular nuclei. By the Dimilin®-treatment of the 4th instar larvae, the emerged adults’ ovary revealed irregular shaped and pyknotic follicular nuclei, degenerated microvillar region, degenerated yolk granules and signs of autolysis. Regarding the 2nd instar larvae treated with Virtu® (V-II), pyknotic follicular nuclei with irregular shape, ruptured nuclear envelope and degenerated yolk granules were observed in moth’s ovary. However, Virtu®-treated 4th instar larvae (V-IV) showed follicular nuclei with irregular shape and pyknosis and the cytoplasm appeared with fragmentation of rough endoplasmic reticulum with loss of ribosomes in moth’s ovary. Results showed that the effects of tested IGRs resembled the effects of insecticides on S. littoralis ovaries through distorting the cell organelles which may lead to the disruption of the ova production. These events would lead to metamorphosis failure resulting in unhealthy adults. In conclusion, results suggested that Diflubenzuron and Chromafenozide were promising, effective and safe insecticides and can be used with integrated pest management programs for controlling the Egyptian cotton leafworm S. littoralis.
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
1687-8809
11
v.
3
no.
2018
19
34
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_11680_e42a112d0d0eb360676040c4fccdc68e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajb.2018.11680
Laboratory Evaluation of the Effect of Insecticides on Non-target Organisms: 2- The egg parasitoid, Trichogramma evanescens West. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)
Mona
Shoeb
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
author
A.
El-Heneidy
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
author
text
article
2018
eng
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different groups of insecticides (e.g., Dipel, Dursban, Biover, Malathion and Spintor) on the immature stages and the parasitism rate of the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma evanescens West. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) under laboratory conditions. The parasitized eggs of the factitious host, the Mediterranean flour moth, Anagasta (Ephestia) kuehniella Zeller were used. Data were recorded in terms of parasitism rate, emergence rate and female percentages. The calculated values of the Slope (b) of the log-dosage-probit mortality curve, by treating the parasitized A. kuehniella eggs (ranged from 0.6 to 1.34), indicated that the susceptibility of the population was heterogeneous for all the studied insecticides. Results indicated that each of the tested insecticides showed the different degree of toxicity. Malathion was the most toxic insecticide (Toxicity ratio T.R.: 10-39.7), while the bioinsecticide, Dipel was the least toxic one (Toxicity ratio T.R.:0.24-0.47). The parasitoid developmental stage had a significant effect on the toxicity ratio of all the studied insecticides. The eggs treated 7-day post-treatment showed the highest parasitism rate for all insecticides, (65-94%), followed by 5-day old (52-91%), 3-day old (48-90%), and then 1-day old (43-88%). An inverse relationship between the parasitism rate and the insecticide concentration was found. The emergence rate was affected greatly by both the type of insecticide and the treated immature stage. The highest emergence rate, (14-86%) was recorded for the eggs treated 1-day post-treatment, while parasitized eggs, treated after 7 days at all the tested insecticides recorded the lowest rates of adult emergence of T. evanescens (6-49%). The highest emergence rate (42-83%) was found for eggs treated with the fungicide Biover, while the lowest values (7-35%) were recorded for the eggs treated with Spintor compared to a significant high emergence rate for the untreated ones (92%). Sex ratio (female percentage) did not differ significantly between the treated (38-55%) and the untreated parasitized eggs (50-54%).
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
1687-8809
11
v.
3
no.
2018
35
44
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_11684_036525890e20be716c0fe08e76ab026d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajb.2018.11684
Physiological Activities of Anti-Juvenile Hormone Agents Against Insects and Their Role For Devising Fourth Generation Insecticides: A Comprehensive Review
Karem
Ghoneim
Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
author
Reda
Bakr
Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
author
text
article
2018
eng
To overcome those problems caused by repeated and indiscriminate uses of conventional insecticides, it is necessary to seek environmentally safe and low-cost alternatives for pest control. Among the effective alternatives are anti-JH compounds. The present articlewas prepared aiming to present an updated overview of different categories of compounds possessing anti-JH activity and their effects on survival, growth, development, metamorphosis, and reproduction of several insects of different orders. This article focused, also, on the effects of these compounds of other physiological processes in insects, such as polyphenism, behavior, diapause, metabolism, enzymatic activities, chemoreceptors and pheromone production, as well as their antifeedant effects against some insect pests. Compounds with anti-JH activity are considered as new representatives of IGRs lacking some disadvantages of juvenoid-type chemicals. In this review we described some advantageous uses of some anti-JH compounds, imidazoles in particular, in the sericulture and silk research fields. In addition, it shed some light on the action mechanisms of anti-JH agents and described the fate of them in the insect body. It is obvious from the present review that the practical use of anti-JH compounds in the pest management has been challenged by some limitations and restrictions. These compounds should be assessed against different insect pests under field conditions. However, these anti-JH agents can be considered as new leads for devising fourth generation insecticides. On the other hand, some of the anti-JH analogues of imidazoles have been successfully used in the practical production of natural silkin the world.
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
1687-8809
11
v.
3
no.
2018
45
138
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_11687_6a4beb358408e0a734f5aa0db11bf0dc.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajb.2018.11687
Evaluation of the Role of Irradiated, Culex pipiens , Mosquito (Diptera; Culicidae) in the Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus ( HCV)
Mostafa
Hassan
Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science , Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
author
Aly,
Mohamed
VACSERA Holding Company for production of vaccines, sera and drugs, Giza-Egypt
author
Kotb
Hammad
Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science , Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
author
Gabarty
A.
Natural Products Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
author
Tharwat
Selim
Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science , Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
author
text
article
2018
eng
In the present study, gamma radiation effects on the reproductive potential of the mosquito, Culex pipiens and its role in the transmission of the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) were investigated. The susceptibility of female, Culex pipiens mosquitoes to gamma irradiation was carried out by exposed full grown pupae to doses 0, 20, 40, 60 Gy. The lethal doses were calculated, as the doses of gamma radiation increased, a progressive increase in the non- hatched eggs percentage. The viral load at mouth parts, in mid-gut and salivary gland, was detected in the irradiated females with LD75 (60 Gy) and non-irradiated using RT-PCR relatively at time 60 min., 5 and 13 days and tested in the mentioned position. Viral load in irradiated Culex pipiens that fed on an infected blood with a viral load 1.2 x 106IU/ml %was decreased by time from 6.0782 x 104 IU/ML% at zero time into 2.399 x 103 IU/ML% after 60 min. post-infection at the mouth parts. Also, the viral load decreased by time in the mid-gut from 2.63575 x 105 IU/ML% at zero time into 3.969 x 103 IU/ML% after 5 days post-infection, while HCV was not detected in the salivary glands. The current results indicated that the mechanical transmission through mouth parts in irradiated and non-irradiated Culex pipiens mosquitoes is plausible while the biological transmission did not occur.
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
1687-8809
11
v.
3
no.
2018
139
148
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_11691_45cc11d634cccd1f7c6db5627507d0de.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajb.2018.11691
Breeding of Powder Post Beetle, Lyctus linearis Goeze, )Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) on the Artificial Medium Diet.
Batt
A.
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
author
M.
Ramadan
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
author
text
article
2018
eng
The powder post beetle, Lyctus linearis Goeze, is the member of wood-boring beetles group which belong to family bostrichidae and consider the main cause of the low value and degradation of quality properties of manufactured wood products.
The results indicated that chosen artificial diet has consisted of white corn flour (75%), sawdust (15%), dried yeast (5%), sugar (3.5%) and ascorbic acid (1.5%). This artificial medium revealed clear differences in biological activities and was more suitable from natural host to rearing Lyctus linearis beetle for made different investigation studies.
Egg incubation period, larval duration, pupal duration, hardness period and the total period of developmental stages were short-lived in artificial diet, while the number of laid eggs by the female was more in comparison natural host. The statistical analysis showed highly significant negative correlation between the temperature and each the different development stages while; the relative humidity gave positive significant correlation with some different developmental stages.
Five annual generations were obtained from rearing the beetles on the artificial medium diet. The shortest generation recorded 6 weeks (2nd generation), while the longest generation recorded 16 weeks (5th generation).
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
1687-8809
11
v.
3
no.
2018
149
156
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_11692_6f22dedb35c10476b79778c17ddc4cc6.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajb.2018.11692
Toxicological Studies on the Effect of some Agricultural and Wild Plants Extract as Insecticidal Agent on the Common House Mosquito, Culex pipiens in Bisha Region, Saudi Arabia
Reda
Bakr
Biology Dept., Faculty of Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, KSA
author
Talal
Dahan
Biology Dept., Faculty of Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, KSA
author
Hanan
Bosly
Biology Dept., Faculty of Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA
author
text
article
2018
eng
Culex pipiens plays a crucial role in the transmission of many vector-borne pathogens infecting humans, livestock and affecting wildlife. The present study was conducted in Laboratory of Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Bisha University, KSA, to evaluate the insecticidal activities of aqueous, ethanolic, and acetone extracts of each of nine selected wild plants, Calotropis procera, Withania somnifera, Citrullus colocynthis, Mentha longifolia, Datura innoxia, Ziziphus spina christi , Salvadora perssica, Aerva javanica, and Punica granatum against larvae of Cx. pipiens under controlled laboratory conditions (water temperature 28 ± 2 °C, 12:12 h photoperiod). After calculating the mortality percentages among treated larvae, LC50 values could be arranged in an ascending order as follows: acetone extract < ethanolic extract < aqueous extract of C. procera , W. somnifera, C. colocynthis, M. longifolia, D. innoxia, and Z. spina-christi, respectively. On calculating the synergistic ratio (SR), it is found that the value of SR is greater than one in all tested extracts, except of Ziziphus spina which was lower than one. The SR of aqueous extract of Calotropis procera with Triton x100 (1.39) was higher than another one .
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
1687-8809
11
v.
3
no.
2018
157
172
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_14159_d5416af5ec29b38892ea936efca633d2.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajbsa.2018.14159