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middle > high). Results of cell number in cold, middle and hightemperature by ANOVA variation and correlation coefficient was significant, the mean valueof cell number in high temperature more than low and middle temperature respectively(High> cold> middle). Regarding, gland size, the mean value also, in high temperaturecondition bigger than middle temperature. The results of ANOVA variation and correlationcoefficient were significant. [Our main aim is to show the effect of temperature on thereproductive system, especially on the male accessory gland in Drosophila including,structure of gland of cell size and cell number, that changed when flies were exposed todifferent temperature].]]>
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Conyza aegyptiaca(0.25 mg/cm2) > Azadirachta indica (0.28 mg/cm2); followed by 5 extracts of thesame RC50 value; 0.29 mg/cm2 (Cichorium intybus, Citrus aurantifolia, Piper nigrum,Sonchus oleracues and Zea mays). The results of toxicity against adult stage ofhouse fly by sugar bait method revealed that the most potent plant extract was C.aegyptiaca which showed LC50 value of 4.8 ppm, and the lowest one was P. granatum(LC50 = 10.4 ppm). Compared to the plant extracts, the tested insecticides showedvery high toxicity; where the obtained LC50s equaled to 0.60, 0.64, 0.66 and 0.74ppm, respectively for deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos, methomyl, and flufenoxuron. Theresidual toxicity of the tested plant extracts and insecticides against the adult stage ofM. domestica indicated that C. aegyptiaca possessed the highest t50 and t20 values(10.6 and 24.8 days, respectively). Dissipation of residual toxicity for the testedinsecticides followed the following descending order: chlorpyrifos > deltamethrin >methomyl > flufenoxuron. The overall results of the present investigation reveal thebroad-spectrum toxic properties of the tested plant extracts against Musca domesticaadult; findings which may encourage further research on house fly control in tropicsusing indigenous plants.]]>
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