2024-03-29T14:10:27Z
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=2405
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
1687-8809
1687-8809
2017
10
2
Role of Some Wild Herbal Extracts in Management of American Foulbrood in Honeybee Colonies
Waleed
Elaidy
Hasan
Fathy
Dina
Taksira
Americanfoulbrood (AFB) is one of the most contagious and dangerous among honey beediseases. The causative agent is the Gram-positive bacterium, Paenibacilluslarvae. The crude methanolic extracts of three wild herbs and tylosinantibiotic were tested against artificially AFB-infected honey bee colonies.The laboratory tests revealed the safety of these crude herbal extracts foradult honey bee workers. Malcolmiapygmaea (Cruciferae) extract was themost potent in control the AFB diseasefollowed by Marrubium alysson (Labiatae) and Lobularia arabica(Cruciferae)was the least effective herb.Tylosin antibiotic was the weakest against the disease control, indicating tothe bacterial resistance. Hence, the three crude extracts surpassed tylosinantibiotic, as well as they increased the workers brood rearing activity andthe amounts of stored honey and pollen when compared with the control colonies.Perhaps, they enhanced the honey bees immune system. This suggests theirsuitability as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents in the control of otherhoney bee diseases and in food and drug industries. Further detailed studiesare required to determine the constituents of the three herbal extracts and toevaluate their therapeutic applications.
American foulbrood
Honey Bees
Plant extracts
2017
04
01
1
14
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_12661_2bd3fb5de82500f7398e1a42915febab.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
1687-8809
1687-8809
2017
10
2
Morphological Diversity of Buccopharyngeal Armatures in Susceptible and Refractory Sandflies to Leishmania major
Ahmed
Darwish
Maha
Tewfick
Saϊd
Doha
Ahmed
Abo-Ghalia
Belal
Soliman
The morphological diversity of armatures in susceptible and refractory sandflies to Leishmania was studied using light microscopy. Large interspecific variations were detected in the size, shape and numbers of the pharyngeal armatures. Phlebotomus papatasi females have stout pharynx, narrowing after posterior bulge, armature consisting of numerous small scales with fringe of fine backward-pointing teeth and without cibarial armature or pigment patch. Phlebotomus sergenti females have a pharynx with large scales anteriorly, some produced into long broad spines, scales becoming broader and flatter posteriorly with hind margin serrated with fine teeth. Oppositely, Sergentomyia squamipleuris females have tapering pharynx abruptly posteriorly, with rows of angular teeth. Cibarium with convex rows of fine, parallel horizontal teeth, undulating row of vertical teeth and pigment patch small, tapering anteriorly, and broad, chitinised, transverse band are present. Sergentomyia christophersi females have pharyngeal armature with a few scale-like folds anteriorly and a series of vague ridges posteriorly. Cibarium with four or five long teeth, many small denticles visible, small pigment patch are present.
Sandflies
Leishmania
pharynx
Cibarium
Armatures
2017
04
01
15
24
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_12664_9ad954b7f889547c65df39aa3b657da4.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
1687-8809
1687-8809
2017
10
2
Characterizing the Circadian Locomotor Activity of Drosophila melanogaster yellow white Mutants under Different Temperatures
Ehab
Hassaneen
The circadian clock is an innate timing mechanism that regulates behavior and physiology of most organisms. It anticipates fluctuations in daily environmental conditions and synchronizes biological activities accordingly to maximize ecological fitness. Light is its major environmental entraining cue, but temperature also plays a prominent role. Mutations affecting clock control helped understanding clock mechanisms and their neurobiological and genetic backgrounds. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the yellow white (y w) mutation in Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies on the circadian regulation of locomotor activity under different temperature conditions. This mutation causes impaired melanisation, eye pigmentation loss, disturbed neurotransmitter distributions and levels, plus some behavioral alterations. These changes are expected to affect circadian regulation. Results revealed that y w mutant flies retained a functional circadian clock, although with some loss of robustness and plasticity to temperature fluctuations. Total daytime and the lights-on activity was higher in y w mutants under high temperature and lower than wildtype CS under lower temperature, while nighttime activity was always lower and lights-off activity was lower at lower temperature. Most importantly, y w mutant flies didn’t shift their morning and evening activity peaks sufficiently away from the light phase, in addition to having shorter siesta at all temperatures tested, compared to wildtype. In conclusion, the y w mutation seemed to disturb circadian control on locomotor activity, which exposes y w flies to higher levels of environmental risk by being active for longer time under high temperature usually correlated with light phase.
yellow white
circadian
Temperature
locomotor
D. melanogaster
2017
04
01
25
36
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_12666_edd07fbbb13acc63ba8beebf43f2563b.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
1687-8809
1687-8809
2017
10
2
Repellency Effect of Some Biochemical Extracts of Castor Bean Leaf on Two Sap-Sucking Insect Pests
Ashraf
Helmi
Sahar
Attia
Two castor bean landraces; Grey Small Seeded Landrace (GSSL) and Red Medium Seeded Landrace (RMSL) were detected during this work using seed external features and molecular analysis by ISSRs technique. Leaves of the GSSL were heavy infested with the castor bean whitefly, Trialeurodes ricini, while the RMSL leaves were not infested at all with this whitefly. Main four biochemical groups; phenols, terpenoids, alkaloids, and tannins were analyzed in the two landrace leaves. Analysis results indicated highly significant differences between the two landraces in phenols, terpenoids, and tannins while no differences were detected in alkaloids. Repellency effect of phenols, terpenoids, and tannins extracted from whitefly-resistant castor bean landrace leaf (RMSL) on two sap-sucking insects; T. ricini and the striped mealybug, Ferrisia virgata was determined. Results indicated that the three extracts have repellency effect on T. ricini with PR of 69.3, 58.3, and 17.7% for phenols, terpenoids, and tannins; respectively. Also, terpenoids only showed repellency effect on F. virgate with PR 57% and phenols showed low repellency effect. While tannins showed attractiveness effect on F. virgate, so it could be used in traps for this mealybug pest. These results suggested that the three biochemical extracts from castor bean had a repellent and/or attractant effect on T. ricini and F. virgata and could be used as effective and environmentally sustainable bio-insecticides for controlling the two sap-sucking pests.
Castor bean Landraces repellency effect whitefly striped mealybug
Trialeurodesricini Ferrisia virgate biochemicals
2017
04
01
37
47
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_12668_cca1120fac7d2f6aa730e055da126090.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
1687-8809
1687-8809
2017
10
2
Impact of Infestation Different Percentages With Olive Fruit Fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) ( Diptera: Tephritidae) on Qualitative Changes of Olive Oil
Heba
Elnagar
Mohamed
Soliman
Olives, Oleaeuropea (L) (oleacea) are one of the main fruit crops, infested with olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi). Trials were conducted in olive orchard at the a private farms , Ismailia Governorate ( on Cairo- Ismailia roadway, Kilo 96), during 2016 season. The present study was aimed to determine effect of infestation different percentages of Bacterocera oleae to olive fruits on free acidity percentage as oleic acid, peroxide value (P.V.), rancimat, K232, 270 and Validity. The results illustrated that there are highly significant differences between infestation % and acidity percentage, peroxide value and rancimat. Also, the results indicated that there are positive correlation between infestation % and (acidity %, peroxide value) and acid % with peroxide value but there are negative correlation with other treatments. The obtained results revealed that the infestation percentage affect by 99.1, 95.2 and 88.4 %on rancimat, acidity % and peroxide value, respectively. Also, the obtained results showed that acidity percentage and peroxide value increased with increasing infestation %, but augmentation infestation % cause lowest rancimat and validity, where recorded peroxide value was 4.28 meqO2/ kg. Oil in treatment olive fruit free from any infestation compared with olive oil extracted from olive fruits damage4.9 meq O2/ kg. Wherever, the treatments recorded 4.48, 4.5, 4.51, 4.6, 4.64, 4.67, 4.7, 4.8, 4.85 and 4.9Meq O2/ Kg. olive oil in case of 5, 15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, 80, 90 and 100 % infestation. Also, results of this study showed that K 232 value ranged between 0.15 to 0.23 low from 2.6, while in case of K 270 the values ranged between 1.8 to 2.33nm.
Recommendation: The paper recommended use decontrol to reduce injury rates whenever possible to maintain the quality of the oil and augmentation overstocking period.
olive
Bacterocera oleae
olive oil
acidity
peroxide value
Rancimat
K232 and K270
2017
04
01
49
56
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_12669_67989c17a3c713e52a219f60fa253dbc.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
1687-8809
1687-8809
2017
10
2
Micro-Organisms Supplementation to Mulberry Silkworm, Bombyx mori L.
Rehab
Taha
Soliman
A.
Hamzah
Kamel
Probiotics are viable, non-pathogenic microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Mulberry leaves supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiaen (yeast)andBifidobacterium bifidum (bacteria) probiotics were used to feed two silkworm hybrids. The impact of micro-organismsadministration was studied on larval, pupal and cocoon and shell weights. As well as, ERR, cocooning, pupation and cocoon shell percentages. Silk filament length, breaks and silk % were recorded. Digestive enzymes (Protease, Invertase and Amylase) were estimated colorimetricaly. The results revealed that, B. bifidum and S. cerevisiae improved most tested parameters comparing with control. The effect of probiotics may be dependent on the tested Bombyx mori hybrid. Renditta that stands for the quantity of cocoons required for producing a kilogram of raw silk was significantly improved in all supplemented groups either for B. bifidum or S.cerevisiae. The lowest cocoon kilograms required to produced one kilo of raw silk was (5.97±1.85) recorded for hybrid 2 treated with B. bifidum.There is a pronounced increase in the activity of protease, amylase and invertase in probiotic treated worms than control.
Mulberry silkworm
Bombyx mori L
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
bifidobacterium bifidum
probiotics
biology
Cocoon
Silk filament
Digestive enzymes
2017
04
01
57
64
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_12673_dc8f7fca0a5020ae68f5719d22145b62.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
1687-8809
1687-8809
2017
10
2
Occurence of the Ectoparasites Infesting Rattus rattus and R. norvigicus at El-Menofia Governorate, Egypt
Younis
Eisa
A.
Rizk
E.
Yassin
The ectoparasites arthropods of rodent infesting animals and human have gained much attention in Egypt. The most important rodents in Egypt are Roof rate, Rattus rattus and Norway rate, Rattus norvegicus. Parasitological survey of these rodent species in El-Menofia Governorate (different regions) during summer season, 2016 was infested with various species from arthropods such as 6 mite species, 2 tick species and one lice species. The collected mites were Dermanyssus sanguineus (Dermanyssidae), Orithonysus bacoti (Macronyssidae), Haemolaelaps glasgowi, Laelaps nuttalli (Laelapidae); Radfordia sp. and Myobia sp. (Myobiidae). In this study, the ectoparasitic ticks were represented by two species i.e. Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Hyalomma dromedarrii (Ixodidae). On the other hand, the ectoparasitic lice on R. rattus and R. norvegicus at El-Menofia Governorate were represented by one species, Polyplax spinulosa (Polyplacidae). The present study showed that the lowest number of trapped rats was 15 rats at El-Bagour district with 71 parasitic mites, 61 lice individuals and 25 tick members but the highest number of trapped rats was recorded at Menouf region (51 rates) infested with 262 different mite numbers, 23 lices and 40 tick individuals. The lowest number of parasitic mites was 69 members at Ashmoun district and the highest lice number was found at Ashmoun (943 lices) but the lowest number was recorded at Menouf (23 lices), while El-Bagour region included the lowest number of ticks (15 individuals) and the highest number was found in Quiesna (125 individuals). The current study indicated that Ashmoun district had the highest number of collected rat ectoparasites (1028 individuals), but the lowest region was El-Bagour, as, it included 147 ectoparasites individuals (mites, lice and ticks).
Rodent
ectoparasites
Mites
lice and ticks
2017
04
01
65
71
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_12674_5762d14172ae9aaa20b73828b98e458d.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
1687-8809
1687-8809
2017
10
2
Yield losses caused to potato plants by potato tuber worm, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) and its economic levels at Qalyubyia Governorate
Youssef
Abdallah
The present investigation was carried out at Qalyubyia Governorate, Egypt during 2015 and 2016 summer plantations to estimate the losses in potato yield due to the infestation with Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) and calculate the economic levels for its infestation. Results revealed that percentage of infested tubers was the most effective variable on potato yield than either number of larvae or number of holes/tuber. The correlation between these three variables and the yield was negatively highly significant. The explained variance values ranged between 89.08 and 92.35% for both years of study, respectively. The calculated economic threshold level (ETL) ranged between 15.68 and 21.50%; while the economic injury level (EIL) ranged between 24.97 and 26.61%.
Potato tuber moth
Phthorimaea operculella
Infestation
yield losses
economic injury level
Economic threshold
2017
04
01
73
79
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_12675_456a88d8c8135c3dfb1620fe255e562e.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
1687-8809
1687-8809
2017
10
2
Using New Cage Type for Keeping Virgin Honey Bee Queens with Investigating Impacts of Feeding Type and Number of Attendant Workers
Hossam
Abou-Shaara
Mona
Elbanoby
Under normal conditions, each honey bee colony contains one queen. Queenless colonies are mostly supplied with new queens using commercial caged queens. In some countries, caged virgin queens are commonly sold for such purpose. Keeping virgin queens for a long period is essential for marketing and shipping purposes. In this study, a new cage type (round plastic cages) was compared with traditional wooden cages to identify impacts of cage type on queens’ survival. Also, the impacts of solid diets as well as number of workers in a retinue on queens’ survival period were investigated. The results showed that round plastic cages can enhance queens’ survival slightly higher than wooden ones. Honey candy was the best feeding type followed by creamed honey which can be used as a potential alternative especially for short caging period. Queens survived longer when five or seven attendant workers were added better than using three workers. It could be said that using plastic cages provided with honey candy and 5 or 7 attendant workers can enhance the survival of caged virgin queens.
Honey Bees
Queens
cages
feeding
Survival
2017
04
01
81
87
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_12677_4f2449efd0217658ec4cd77093cd6df1.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology
1687-8809
1687-8809
2017
10
2
Effect of Some Bio- insecticides against Tetranychus urticae Koch
Neeven
Arafat
Efficacy of fife bio-insecticides against Tetranychus urticae Koch. The most effective for controlling T. urticae , Marshal, followed by the botanical insecticide, Bemistop, Biosect, Admiral and Vertimec .Results revealed that, the addition of Marshal, at its half-recommended rate to Vertimec and/or Bemistop at two application rates had increased obviously their toxicity against and T. urticae.Than separately, and exhibited an additive effect at the two sprays. In addition, results obtained from addition of the botanical compound, Vertimec at 200 and 100 cm3/100L. to Admiral at its recommended and half-recommended rate at the two sprays increased its effectiveness than separately and induced an additive effect at two sprays with the two application rates. This increase was determined and termed as additive effect in which the total mortality of the combination is higher than the mortality of summation of each compound respectively.
bio-insecticides
Tetranychus urticae
2017
04
01
89
94
https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_12679_312d0771591aa69e18b23c49f3046d31.pdf