Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880914120210107The Effect of Planting Dates and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Aphis craccivora (koch) Infestation in Faba Bean (Vicia faba, L.) fields1813753910.21608/eajbsa.2021.137539ENHamzah. M.KamelDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptMegahed, M. M.M.Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20201002The present study was carried out at Wadi El Natrun district, El-Behera Governorate during season 2019–2020. In a field study, the effect of two planting dates and three rates of nitrogen fertilizer on a population of Legume aphid, <em>Aphis craccivora </em>(Koch) (Homoptera: Aphididae), in faba bean (<em>Vicia faba</em>, L.)were investigated. The results show that the higher occurrence of the aphid was recorded on the early planting date than the recommended one. The combination effect of climatic factors and plant age on aphid population density was presented as explained variance which was 75 and 74% in the early and recommended planting dates respectively. The population densities of aphid were significantly lower on faba bean plants fertilized with the lowest rate of nitrogen fertilizer (75 kg feddan<sup>−1</sup>), compared with those fertilized with recommended and highest rate (100 and 125 kg feddan<sup>−1 </sup>respectively) in both early and recommended planting dates. These results indicate that the recommended planting date and moderately plant nutrition can help plants to avoid insect pests infestation.https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_137539_b94db1ad67ce87eb70caf93bfc1f18bd.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880914120210310Influence of Some Honey Bee Products and Plant Oils on the Greater Wax Moth, Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)92013910810.21608/eajbsa.2021.139108ENMahmoud M.A.Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, EgyptY. A.Abdel-RahmanPlant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, EgyptJournal Article20201007The current study revealed the effect of some honey bee products viz., pollen, honey, propolis and bee wax and some plant oils on the greater wax moth, <em>Galleria</em> <em>mellonella</em> L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Results show that the females produced from the larvae which had fed on bee wax mixed with propolis gave the highest mean of egg, larval, pre-pupal, pupal and development periods which were 7.4 ± 0.40, 34.2 ± 0.66, 6.8 ± 0.86, 13.2 ± 0.66 and 61.1 ± 1.21 days, respectively. The longest mean of pre-oviposition was 3.2 ± 0.37 days, and the shortest means of oviposition and post-oviposition period was 4.4 ± 0.51and 1.0 ± 0.0 days, respectively. The shortest means of male and female longevity were 9.8 ± 0.49 and 8.4 ± 0.75 days, respectively. While the lowest means of the weight of each larva and pupa were 105.2 ± 5.47 and 71.0 ± 2.43 mg, respectively. Also, results show the effect of clove, garlic and rosemary oils on larval mortality of <em>G. mellonella</em>. The highest mean percentage of larval mortality was for clove oil (68.33 ± 3.33%), followed by garlic oil, 51.66 ± 1.66. The lowest mean percentage of larval mortality was for rosemary oil (38.66 ± 4.41%) at a concentration of 3% after 7 days of treatment, respectively.https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_139108_a04ecf31ee3524a3a39226e8c00f2ec8.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880914120210114The Effect of an Entomopathogenic Fungus, Beauveria bassiana on Flight Muscles of The Desert Locust, Schistocerca gregaria Forskal212814149910.21608/eajbsa.2021.141499ENEl-Dydamony, M.Kh.Department of Locust and Grasshopper, Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza, EgyptSoltan,E.Department of Locust and Grasshopper, Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza, EgyptSaid, S.M.Department of Locust and Grasshopper, Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza, Egypt0000-0001-8181-1742Journal Article20201011The infecting flight muscles of adult desert locust <em>Schistocerca gregaria</em> with the entomopathogenic fungus <em>Beauveria bassiana</em> were studied. The entomopathogenic fungus caused mortality percentages 85.56 and 81.11% in 5th nymphal instar and adults after 15 days of treatment; also, LT<sub>50</sub> was 9.17 and 10.07 days.<br /> The histopathological studies of treated muscles showed that the nucleus, mitochondria, myofibrils and vacuoles were highly deformed. Estimation of total carbohydrates, total lipids and total protein were carried out. The results showed that the Haemolymph content of treated insects was highly affected and all the studied parameters were lower than in the control insects. The decrease in the Haemolymph contents increased with increasing the post-inoculation period.https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_141499_9623a46e86d351db7c1f7ec480225657.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880914120210116Population Fluctuations of Two Aphids and Their Main Predators in Broad Bean plants in Qalyubiya Governorate293614580810.21608/eajbsa.2021.145808ENSaleh H.A.Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptA. M.KhorchidPlant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptMona, I.AmmarPlant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt0009-0000-2112-852XJournal Article20201013Field experiments were carried out at Qaha, Qalyubiya Governorate, throughout 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 seasons to study population fluctuations of <em>Aphis craccivora</em> (Koch) and <em>Aphis fabae</em> Scopoli infesting broad bean plantations, and two associated predators addition, effects of certain weather factors (daily mean temperatures and daily mean R.H.).<em> A. craccivora</em> had two peaks both seasons (1<sup>st</sup> week of December and 3<sup>rd</sup> week of January) and (1<sup>st</sup> week of December and 1<sup>st </sup>week of January) in the 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> seasons respectively.<em> A. faba</em> showed three peaks in 1<sup>st</sup> season (2<sup>nd</sup> week of December, last week of December and 1<sup>st</sup> week of March). while 2 peaks in the second season (1<sup>st</sup> week of December. and end of December.)<br /> Population fluctuations of <em>A. craccivora</em> and<em> A. faba</em> and associated predators were higher in the 1<sup>st</sup> season than the second season and <em>C. undcimpunctata</em> was dominant than <em>C. carneaea</em>.<br /> A simple correlation between <em>A</em>.<em> craccivora and C.</em><em> undcimpunctata</em> showed a significant positive correlation in both seasons while with <em>C</em>.<em> carneaea</em> was insignificant negative in the 1<sup>st</sup> season and positive in the 2<sup>nd</sup> season, and the relationship between <em>A. fabae</em> was negative in both seasons with the two predators. The relationship between A.<em> craccivora</em> and daily mean temperature show negative insignificant relation during the 1<sup>st</sup> season while was significant in the 2<sup>nd</sup> season. Also, the simple correlation with <em>A. fabe</em> was insignificant negative in both seasons .as well as A.<em> craccivora </em>and <em>A. fabe</em> showed the insignificant positive value in both seasons with relative humidity.https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_145808_b96e49b555787c3f81679a7afc6339d9.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880914120210122Compatibility of Entomopathogenic Fungi, Beauvaria bassiana (Bals. -Criv.) Vuill. and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchn) Sorokin Isolates with Different Agrochemicals Commonly Used in Vineyards.375314704410.21608/eajbsa.2021.147044ENMona A.ShoebPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, EgyptR. H. A.SolaimanPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Center, Giza, EgyptA. A.Abd-ElgyedPlant protection Dept. Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum Univ., EgyptManar M.AhmedPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20201019Compatibility studies of biological control agents with different agrochemicals have paramount importance to provide proper guidelines for their integrated use and time of application of these agents. The effect of twenty-one different agrochemical formulations commonly used in vineyards including 10 fungicides, 5 insecticides, 2 acaricides and four plant growth regulators on conidial germination and vegetative growth of entomopathogenic fungi; <em>B. bassiana</em> MN710408 and <em>M. anisopliae</em> MN710409 was tested under laboratory conditions<strong>. </strong>The results of this study showed that among tested fungicides, copper hydroxide formulation was highly compatible with both fungal isolates, it even stimulated conidial germination at all tested concentrations. Also, Copper- sulphate<sup>®</sup> showed a high stimulant effect with <em>B. bassiana</em> isolate and to a lesser extent with <em>M. anisopliae</em> isolate. The neonicotinoids were compatible with both fungal isolates at certain concentrations. Lufenuron<sup>®</sup> showed a stimulation effect to both fungal isolates. Regarding plant growth regulators, the Dormex<sup>®</sup> formulation completely inhibited conidial germination and vegetative growth of both fungal isolates at field recommended concentration, while other types of these agrochemicals showed various degrees of compatibility depending on the fungal isolate. https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_147044_55665119e9b7c166060404014adc48d2.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880914120210126Disturbance of the Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Haemolymph and Fat Bodies of The Desert Locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) by Margosan-O® (0.3% Azadirachtin)557014748710.21608/eajbsa.2021.147487ENAhmedBasiounyDepartment of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20201021The desert locust <em>Schistocerca gregaria</em> is a dangerous pest for several fields and orchard crops. Great attention has been paid to use botanicals for controlling this pest. The current investigation aimed to assess the disturbing effect of margosan-O<sup>®</sup> (0.3% Azadirachtin) on the acetylcholinesterase (AchE)activity in haemolymph and fat bodies of <em>S. gregaria</em>. The penultimate (4<sup>th</sup>) instar nymphs were treated, <em>via</em> the fresh food, with two concentrations (0.9 and 0.4%) of margosan-O<sup>®</sup> and the activity of AchE was estimated in the last instar nymphs and newly emerged adults. The most important results could be shown as follows. In the present study, margosan-O<sup>®</sup> caused a predominantenhancement of AchE activity in the haemolymph of last instar nymphs and adults, regardless of the concentration. Also, the enzyme activity was induced in fat bodies of nymphs and adults, with exception of the late-aged nymphs, nymphs. In these late-aged nymphs, the AchE activity was inhibited in the fat bodies (60.8 and 65.3% decrements, at the higher and lower margosan-O<sup>®</sup> concentrations, respectively). https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_147487_f7983ca15f34e2c8d6cd98ac43e22430.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880914120210130Survey and Identification of Grasshoppers Species in Al-Orman Garden in Egypt718115041110.21608/eajbsa.2021.150411ENSamira M.N.Abd-El WahedPlant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptMaaly, E.WafyPlant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptMahmoud, Y. H.HenaishPlant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20201025A total of 1069 Orthopids belonged to 6 species derived from 2 families (Acrididae and Pyrgomorphidae) were collected from Al-Orman garden during 2019 and 2020. The most common grasshopper species were <em>Calphorus compressicornis</em> 52% and 50%, followed by <em>Aiolopus thalassinus</em> 37% and 38%, then <em>Acrotylus insubricus </em>3% and 5%, then <em>Heteracris littoralis</em> 3% and 3%, then <em>Eyprepocnemis plorans</em> 3% and 2%, & finally <em>Pyrgomorpha conica</em> 2% and 2%, respectively. These 6 species were collected at the garden in 2019 and 2020.The dominant species were (<em>C. compressicornis </em>and<em> A. thalassinus</em>). The seasonal abundance of grasshopper occurred in August in summer season, one peak only was obtained in both years. https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_150411_3f47656ef66e5615b677a7f3732ae077.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880914120210226Feeding Preferences of Subterranean Termites, Odontotermes obesus (Ramber) (Blattoidea: Termitidae) in Field and Their Control and Developing Bait Strategies839215177410.21608/eajbsa.2021.151774ENGhazanferAliInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 5400, Pakistan0000-0001-9415-7719Khalid, ZamirRasibInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 5400, PakistanMuhammadArshadInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 5400, PakistanAnam,,MunirInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 5400, PakistanTasleem,AmanatInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 5400, PakistanJournal Article20201205Termites are a social group of animals. They found everywhere except Antarctica. Termites are the major pest of agriculture and damaging wood and wood products. The present study was conducted to evaluate the feeding behavior of termites under field conditions. Eight wood species include <em>Mangifera indica</em> (mangoes), <em>Albizia lebbeck</em> (albizia), <em>Populus euramericana</em> (popular), <em>Melia azedarach</em> (bead tree), <em>Vachellia nilotica</em> (kiker,thorny acacia), <em>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</em> (eucalyptus), <em>Dalbergia sissoo</em> ( shesham), and <em>Eugenia jambolana</em> (jamun) was offered to termites to feed under field trials. Wood species was cut into blocks (L×W×T =8×9×1 cm) and dry in the oven at 42<sup>o</sup>C for 72 hours. It was found that <em>P. euramericana</em>, <em>M. indica</em> and <em>V. nilotica </em>where the most palatable woods to termite as maximum feeding was noted for these two kinds of wood under field conditions. <em>M. azedarach</em>, <em>D. sisso</em> and <em>E. camaldulensis</em> were lest preferred woods to termite in choice and no-choice bioassays. <em>M. azedarach, D. sisso</em> and <em>E. camaldulensis</em> have a natural chemical which make the wood resistant against the termite attacks. Chemical extract from these resistant plants can be used in termite control are safer and hazardless for the environment.https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_151774_9cb5ca57b96cc6323b2756d59fbb150e.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880914120210226Survey on Population Changes of Aphis gossypii (Glove.) on Cluster Cultivars in Ultra Narrow Row system in the Field Cotton Golestan Province of Iran.939715221310.21608/eajbsa.2021.152213ENTaghiDarvish, MojeniCotton Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, IranJournal Article20210116In the planting system, the row spacing is very narrow, where the spacing of the planting rows is considered to be between 20 and 40 cm. In this system, the number of bolls per plant is reduced. Experiments to survey and compare populations <em>Aphis gossypii</em> on 3 cluster cultivars and one control, using the method of narrow planting distance of 20 × 20 and 20 × 80 cm as a factorial design in the form of a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in Hashemabad cotton research station in Gorgan during two years 2018- 2019 was evaluated. A sampling of different stages of cotton aphids was recorded weekly in the tested treatments and recorded in special tables. Based on the studies, the results of combined analysis of variance show that the yield in the cultivars tested in Sajedi cultivar with a distance of 80 cm with an average wash of 3392 kg/ha in the plot and Golestan cultivar 80 cm with 3245.8 kg/ha in the plot with the highest yield and T2 cultivar With a distance of 20 cm, 1694 kg/ha in Crete had the lowest yield. Infestation rate of cluster cultivars tested in very narrow cultivation of green aphid population density on Sajedi cultivars with a distance of 80 cm and the khorshid with a distance of 20 cm with densities of 41.39 and 40.36 aphids per leaf, respectively, with the highest aphids per leaf and cultivars T2 and the khorshid with a distance of 20 cm with 23.59 and 29.04 aphids, respectively. They had the least infestation in the leaves.https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_152213_f277c0ced6eba728c4f85315c32298a5.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880914120210227Observation on Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Maize Under Laboratory Conditions9910415233710.21608/eajbsa.2021.152337ENMuhammadRamzanState Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaHaroon,IlahiDepartment of Agriculture (Soil Sciences), University of Swabi, PakistanMuhammad,AdnanDepartment of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, PakistanAzizUllahDepartment of Horticulture, University of Agriculture, PeshawarAttaUllahDepartment of Agriculture (Plant Pathology), University of Swabi, PakistanJournal Article20210108<em><span lang="EN-GB">Spodoptera frugiperda</span></em><span lang="EN-GB"> is native to tropical and subtropical areas of the world and consider an invasive species in Pakistan since 2019. It is spreading continuously and become a threat to horticultural as well as agricultural crops especially maize all over the world. The developmental duration of each <em>S. frugiperda</em> stage was recorded on maize leaves under laboratory conditions. The embryonic period was 2.32 ± 0.22 days. The developmental duration of 1<sup>st</sup>, 2<sup>nd</sup>, 3<sup>rd</sup>, 4<sup>th</sup>, 5<sup>th</sup> and 6<sup>th</sup> larval instars were 2.37, 2.09, 2.01, 2.02, 2.27 and 5.10 days, respectively while the total larval period was 14-16 days. Female was long-lived as compared to male. The current study concluded that Fall armyworm, <em>S. frugiperda </em>is a primary pest and threat to vegetative as well as reproductive parts of maize crop which cause significant economic losses.</span>https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_152337_e5266c61fd0573f4c81d03327536e357.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880914120210302Studies on the Release of the Two Predatory Species Ccoccinella septempunctata L. and Chrysoperla carnea (Steph.) for Controlling the Legume Aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch., on the Faba Bean Plants, in the Greenhouses Located in Sohag Governorate10512215384910.21608/eajbsa.2021.153849ENAli, M. A.M.Biological Control Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre.El-Hadary, W.A.Biological Control Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre.Bahy EL-Din, I.A.Biological Control Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research CentreJournal Article20210112In Egypt, the faba bean plants (<em>Vicia faba</em> L.) are considered as one of the most important winter field crops that are continuously and extensively grown year after year. This crop is subjected to attack by the legume aphid, <em>Aphis craccivora</em> Koch. (Homoptera: Aphididae), which cause obvious damage to the resulted faba bean yield. The obtained results indicated that the faba bean plants that were cultivated in the greenhouses of the two tested released areas (the ladybird beetle,<em>Ccoccinella septempunctata</em> L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and the green lacewing, <em>Chrysoperla carnea </em>(Steph.) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) areas), when were compared with that area of the unreleased control were as follow: for the unreleased control, the mean total numbers of the legume aphid <em>A. craccivora</em> individuals per season were; 64.91±12.66 (13.35-150.52) and 43.88±10.79 (2.57-110.00) individuals, for the two successive seasons 2016/2017 and 2017/2018, respectively. While, in case of the released area of the ladybird beetle <em>C. septempunctata</em>, the corresponding mean total numbers of the legume aphid, <em>A. craccivora</em> were; 16.92±5.25 (0.00-53.72) and 17.31±6.27 (0.00-79.02) individuals, for the two seasons respectively, with a mean percentage of reduction in the mean total numbers of the legume aphid, <em>A. craccivora</em> for the two seasons together of 67.11% (60.29 -73.93%). But, in case of the released area of the green lacewing, <em>C. carnea</em>, the mean total numbers of the legume aphid, <em>A. craccivora</em> individuals for the two seasons were; 15.15±4.95 (0.00-50.72) and 15.76±6.23 (0.00-78.47) individuals, with a mean percentage of reduction in the mean total numbers of the legume aphid, <em>A. craccivora</em> for the two seasons together of 70.34% (64.04-76.64%). Also, using the two previous biocontrol agents had led to an increase in the yield of faba bean crop. Therefore, the obtained results revealed the important role of the two predators (the ladybird beetle, <em>C. septempunctata</em> and the green lacewing, <em>C. carnea</em>), as effective biocontrol agents, (representing a major component of the biological control techniques) against the legume aphid, <em>A. craccivora</em>on the faba bean plants. As a result, they can be released in the faba bean fields and/or other related fields that suffer from the pest attack. Using such biocontrol agents must be included in Integrated Pest Management (I.P.M.) strategies, for decreasing the chemical control methods for avoiding the undesirable effects of the direct use of the insecticidal application, for protecting man and his surrounding environment from pollution.https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_153849_438749d35ddcfc58da9d9d6e325fabff.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880914120210315Variation in Oral Acute Toxicity of Thiamethoxam According to the Volume Administered in Algerian Honeybees12313115653310.21608/eajbsa.2021.156533ENChahbar AdidouNoraLaboratoire VALCOR, Faculté des sciences, Departement d'agronomie Université M’hamed Bougara Boumerdes, 35 000 Avenue de l’indépendance, Boumerdes , Algeria.Kamel,HamadiLaboratoire Dynamique et Biodiversité, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, Alger, AlgérieMohamed,ChahbarDépartement de Zoologie Agricole et Forestière, École Nationale Supérieure Agronomique, Alger, AlgérieMessaouda,BelaidLaboratoire VALCOR, Faculté des Sciences, Département d’agronomie, Université M’hamed Bougara, Boumerdes, 35 000 Avenue de l’indépendance, Boumerdes, AlgérieFatma,AcheukLaboratoire VALCOR, Faculté des Sciences, Département d’agronomie, Université M’hamed Bougara, Boumerdes, 35 000 Avenue de l’indépendance, Boumerdes, AlgérieSalaheddine,DoumandjiDépartement de Zoologie Agricole et Forestière, École Nationale Supérieure Agronomique, Alger, AlgérieJournal Article20210208Thiamethoxam is a neurotoxic systemic insecticide belonging to the neonicotinoid family. Approved under the trade Algeria Actara WG 25%, the plant protection product is recognized as toxic to the bees after acute exposure. However, this product is persistent, has a significant residual activity and accumulates in plants. It is therefore necessary to completely reassess its toxicity. To do this, we determined the sensitivity of the Saharan and Tellian honeybee, <em>Apis mellifera sahariensis </em>and <em>Apis mellifera intermissa</em>, to thiamethoxam by testing the acute oral toxicity on worker bees in the laboratory. The study is based on determining the LD<sub>50</sub> according to the volume administrated. Each batch of bees was fed 100, 200, 500 and 1000μl (5, 10, 25 and 50μl per bee) 55,5% (w/v) sucrose solution with increasing doses (1, 10, 20, 50, 70 and 90 ng per bee) of thiamethoxam dissolved in acetone, for trial treatments, and 55,5% (w/v) sucrose solution supplemented with acetone, control treatments. The results showed that the toxicity is manifested by acute symptoms of early neurotoxicity and cumulative mortalities that occur 24 hours after treatment. The LD<sub>50</sub> varies with the volume administered. Indeed, the LD<sub>50 </sub>values decrease with increasing volume, and there is an inverse relationship between the LD<sub>50</sub> obtained and administered volumes.https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_156533_c0ea0f2060c483e17579f5a3583193d0.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880914120210317A Preliminary survey of Dragonflies and Damselflies (Insecta: Odonata) in and around Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary Shopian, Kashmir13313915735210.21608/eajbsa.2021.157352ENMuzafarRiyazDivision of Taxonomy & Biodiversity, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.0000-0001-9372-681XKSivasankaranDivision of Taxonomy and Biodiversity, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, India0000-0001-8957-231XJournal Article20210209Dragonflies and Damselflies (Insecta: Odonata) of Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary are presented. The Sanctuary is located in the District Shopian of Kashmir Valley (33°39'28.6"N 74°41'15.2"E). The area is rich in both floral and faunal diversity with most of the area covered with lush green forests. Around the sanctuary, Agro and Horticultural plantations such as Apple, Pear, Peach and vegetable crops abides most of the land cover in the area. The present study was carried out from June to October 2020. A total number of 10 species from six families were recorded in and around the area. The most abundant species recorded are from the family Libellulidae which are active mostly in the months from June to October. A number of freshwater bodies flow through the district and receives annual precipitation of around 1800mm, which makes the area more suitable for the Odonates diversity. Here we present the first preliminary report of order Odonata collected from the sanctuary and adjoining areas of Kashmir Valley. https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_157352_51124502f03a29e5a512166eca974bef.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880914120210319Biological Aspects of Typhlodromus athisae Porath and Swirski When Fed on Red Spider Mite, Tetranychus urtica Koch and Brown Citrus Mite, Eutetranychus orientalis (klein)14114515736210.21608/eajbsa.2021.157362ENAbden, M.H.Cotton and field Crop Acarology Department, Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI)Abdallah, A.M.Fruit Acarology Department, Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI)Wafaa M.GaberCotton and field Crop Acarology Department, Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI)Journal Article20210115The predatory mite, <em>Typhlodromus athisae</em> is one of the most important bio-control agents. This work aims to study the efficacy of the predatory mite, <em>T. athisae</em> when fed on the phytophagous mites <em>Teteranychus urticae</em> and <em>Eutetranychus orientalis</em>. The predator mite,<em> T. athisae</em> was collected from mango and citrus trees and reared in Fruit Acarology Department. The biological aspects of predatory mite were studied in the laboratory at 25°Ċ and R.H 70 %. The Life cycle and generation time recorded were 10.5271 & 12.802 day and 12.752 and 15.45 day when fed on <em>T. urticae</em> and <em>E. orientalis</em>.https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_157362_4126c9773dd3f70fa492456eacfcb807.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880914120210320Disturbing Effects of Botanicals on the Haemogram and Immune Parameters of Insects: Recent Progress of The Search for Effective Biopesticides14719315736310.21608/eajbsa.2021.157363ENKaremGhoneimDepartment of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.Reda, F.A.BakrDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptKhalidHamadahDepartment of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20210116The excessive and indiscriminate uses of synthetic insecticides usually lead to many problems of human health, environment and economics. Therefore, it is a prerequisite to search for safe alternatives among which plant extracts and products represent effective materials for pest control. The main goal of the present article was searching for new control materials of the insect pests <em>via</em> the disruptive effects of these materials on the haemogram and immune parameters. In this article, we discussed the drastic effects of botanicals on the major haemogram parameters including total hemocyte population, differential hemocytes counts, cytopathological deformities of hemocytes, haemolymph (blood) volume, mitotic index and heart activity. It focused, also, on the innate immune reactions (humoral and cellular) in insects and the serious impacts of botanicals on their mechanisms (phagocytosis, encapsulation, nodulation and melanization). As concluded in the current article, botanicals inhibit the immune capability, leading to the insects become susceptible to the action of pathogenic microorganisms and ultimately death. This can be appreciated as a new strategy for the effective control of insect pests. However, some points of future research had been provided. In addition, some field works should be conducted to realize the botanical potential of the haematological and immunological criteria for insect pest control. https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_157363_68e3e563c5f499cc934a52f39622715f.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880914120210322Effect of Weather Parameters on Pest Dynamics of Maize in Summer at District Bahawalnagar (Pakistan)19520315785110.21608/eajbsa.2021.157851ENMuhammadArshadThe Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 5400, Pakistan University of LahoreKhalid ZamirRasibInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 5400, PakistanGhazanferAliInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 5400, Pakistan0000-0001-9415-7719TasleemAmanatInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 5400, PakistanAnamMunirInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 5400, PakistanSidraRiazInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 5400, PakistanJournal Article20210118This study was designed to evaluate the association between maize pest dynamics and in relation to abiotic factors (temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) in tehsil Minchinabad district Bahawalnagar. The study was conducted from months of April to July in the crop of maize. The current study indicates that the attack of the insect pest increased on maize. These insect pests and diseases on maize are Stem borer (<em>Chilo partellus</em>), Armyworm (<em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em>), Common earwig (<em>Forficula auricularia</em>), Garden snail (<em>Helix aspersa</em>), Red cotton stainer (<em>Dysdercus cingulatus</em>), <em>Aspergillus flavus</em> and Rotten corn disease stock have been recognized to their broad environmental distribution in Bahawalnagar as a result of weather parameters. At higher temperature there was a marked increase in the population of pests while at relative humidity 46% and temperature 40<sup>0</sup>C maximum population of the pest was recorded, it means that higher the temperature and relative humidity there was a marked fluctuation in pest dynamics and hence in spite of the absence of rainfall, the pest outbreak was recorded. Statistically different results significantly different (p < 0.05) using ANOVA one-way and linear regression.https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_157851_69fb06ed0ab008097dde7b29bf7c96ce.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880914120210323Effect of Temperature and Prey Quality on Aphid-Predator Interrelations in Two Spiders Associated with Aphids on Legumes and Cereal Crops in Egypt20521715860010.21608/eajbsa.2021.158600ENManal H.IbraheemPlant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research CenterNawal M.ShanbakyEntomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams UniversityNadiaHelmyDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams UniversityMohammed H.El-ErksousyPlant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research CenterAmal E.Abo-zaedPlant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research CenterAyatYouseryEntomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams UniversityJournal Article20210119The effect of temperature and prey quality of aphid species life, stage and their basic nutritional components on food consumption, predation rate and duration of development of spiderlings of <em>Thanatus albini</em> reared on a monotypic diet of immatures or adult females of each of <em>Aphis craccivora</em> and <em>Rhopalosiphum maidis</em> were studied at 3 different temperatures of 15, 27 and 35±2<strong>˚C and RH of 60-70%. Also, effects of the prey quality of the monotypic diet of each aphid on the tested parameters were studied in spiderlings of <em>Thomisus spinifer</em> and on reproduction in adult females of both spider species at 27˚C.</strong><br /> <strong>Of the three tested temperatures, 27˚C was considered as the optimum temperature for aphid consumption and predation rate of spiderlings of <em>Th. albini</em> when fed on each of the two aphid species, due to increasing the two parameters and prolonging spiderling durations. Also, life, development of spiderlings and female reproduction of each of <em>Th. albini</em> and <em>T. spinifer</em> were maintained and completed at the optimum temperature of 27 by feeding on immatures or adult female aphids (except the first three spiderlings) of each of <em>A. craccivora</em> and <em>R. maidis</em> in <em>Th. albini</em> and only of <em>R. maidis </em>in <em>T. spinifer</em>.</strong><br /> <strong>The two spider species showed efficacy as predators, consuming higher numbers of immatures than adults of each of the two aphid species with more consumption of <em>A. craccivora</em> than <em>R. maidis</em> in <em>Th. albini</em> and only of <em>R. maidis</em> in <em>T. spinifer</em> with the refusal of feeding on <em>A. craccivora</em>. The number of consumed aphids by each spider species was increased by increasing the age of the spiderling stage.</strong><br /> <strong>Quantitative analysis of the basic nutritional components showed a higher concentration of total protein and carbohydrate in adult females than immatures of each aphid species but no significant difference between each of the immatures and adult females of the two aphid species. The significance of the </strong><strong>obtained results was discussed</strong><strong>.</strong>https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_158600_f388d2df16596d65cc7ca8ec01e2d2f3.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880914120210325Effect Color of Jasmine Flowers on The Infestation by Macrosiphum rosae and Tetranychus urticae under Glasshouse Conditions21922615970710.21608/eajbsa.2021.159707ENGamila, A. M.HeikalPlant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Giza, 12618 EgyptAiad, K.A.Plant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Giza, 12618 EgyptEnas AdelAbd-ElatefPlant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Giza, 12618 EgyptElsherbeni, M. K.G.Plant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Giza, 12618 EgyptJournal Article20210120This study was carried out to study the effect color of Jasmine flowers (<em>Jasmine spp < /em>. Fam. Oleaceae) on the infestation by <em>Macrosiphum rosae </em>(L.) (Homoptera: Aphididae) and<em>Tetranychus urticae</em>Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) using four varieties (colors) of Jasmine plants similar in the horticulture characters but different in the color of the flower only, (yellow, red, blue and white). Experiments were done in two locations (governorates), El-Orman Garden (Giza Governorate) and International Garden (Alexandria Governorate) throughout 2019 /2020 season under glasshouse conditions.<br /> Results obtained showed that the infestation with both<em> M. rosae</em> and<em>T. urticae</em>began to appear on the 1<sup>st</sup> February 2020 season and recorded the activity peak during mid of April month then decreased until the beginning of August at the same season. Results obtained showed also that flower colors of jasmine arrange for the attracted both the two pests as follows: yellow, red, blue and white, respectively.<br /> Results obtained also showed that both the total sugar and total protein arranged to descend in the jasmine flowers color as follows: yellow, red, blue and white).<br /> Statistical analysis showed that there were highly significant differences between the four flowers' color (varieties) of jasmine on the attraction of both the two pests. And Statistical analysis showed also that was highly significant differences between the four flowers color (varieties) of jasmine on the content of both total sugar and total protein.</em>https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_159707_af2cdf6c1aed43ec5354f7c122c022e1.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880914120210327The Effect of An Alternative Diet Fermented by Bee Bread Microorganisms on Hypopharyngeal Glands Development and Acini Size of Honey Bee Workers, (Apis mellifera L.)22724116035210.21608/eajbsa.2021.160352ENMohamed F.Abdel-RahmanPlant Protection Research Institute - Agricultural Research Center - Dokki – GizaRania QurashySayedPlant Protection Research Institute - Agricultural Research Center - Dokki – GizaAdham M.MoustafaPlant Protection Research Institute - Agricultural Research Center - Dokki – GizaMohamed Abd El-MoezzMahbobZoology and Entomology Department - Faculty of Science – New Valley UniversityJournal Article20210122The hypopharyngeal glands of worker bees located in the head; consist of thousands of two-cell units that are composed of a secretory cell and a duct cell and that are arranged in sets of about 12 around a long collecting duct. The glands contribute to the production of the royal jelly fed to queens and larvae. They are highly sensitive to the quantity and quality of the food as pollen and pollen substitutes that the nurse bee consumes. The role of the worker honey bee <em>Apis mellifera</em> L. changes depending on age after eclosion (age polyethism): young workers (nurse bees) take care of their brood by synthesizing and secreting brood food (royal jelly), while older workers (foragers) forage for nectar and process it into honey.<br /> In our experiment, we tested how diets impact hypopharyngeal gland development and their acini size, where our diets compared were (bee bread diet; unfermented diet; fermented diet in a simulation method for nature; and sucrose syrup). Also, we mentioned understanding the role of these glands in hive health. For this study, we have examined the morphogenesis of the hypopharyngeal gland during different ages of workers honeybee <em>Apis mellifera </em>L. that fed on the different diets; we measured the size of glandular acini in a robust measure. These results obtained indicated that the hypopharyngeal gland development has flexibility and can depending on the condition of the colony as the pollen substitute diet we prepared in the periods of food shortage in nature. This described the hypothesis that feeding plays an important role in the development of HG according to diet nutritional values, ensuring the importance of the fermentation process for the better health of honey bees.https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_160352_4e81bad1f8247172d7f91637afd889d2.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880914120210329Biological and Histological Alterations in The Larvae of Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) Induced by Imidcaloproid and Tannic Acid24325416045610.21608/eajbsa.2021.160456ENNermeen M.FarahatDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptAmany S.KhaledDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptMohamed A.HusseinDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptOla H.ZyaanDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20210124The mosquito family Culicidae is the most common disease vector in the Diptera order. Almost all of them are bloodsuckers that cause a lot of major diseases, such as malaria, yellow fever and elephantiasis. The development of resistance in mosquitos to pyrethroid, organophosphate, and carbamate created the need for alternative insecticides. Therefore, 3<sup>rd</sup> instar <em>Culex pipiens</em> larvae were treated with the median lethal concentrations (LC<sub>50</sub>) of imidacloprid (IMI) and tannic acid. Biological tests were performed by following up the treated insects from the 3<sup>rd</sup> larval instar till the adult stages. The biological test showed that tannic acid was more effective than imidacloprid by increasing the larval period and decreasing both pupation percentage and pupal duration. The histopathological effect of the tested compound on the larvae's midgut epithelium was studied using light and transmission electron microscopy. A histological study showed that the treated larvae had cytopathological alterations of the midgut epithelium, muscular layers, epithelial cells and internal organelles. Both IMI and tannic acid showed nearly the same effect on the larvae histology. Based on these results, tested compounds could be used in the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs for greater effectiveness.https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_160456_82f77d25dc671d3a6b4e03b8a21204cb.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880914120210330Sublethal Effects of Two Insecticides, Deltamethrin, Thiamethoxam and the Botanical Insecticide (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) on Callosobruchus maculates (Fabr.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)25526916175310.21608/eajbsa.2021.161753ENEman A.FouadBioassay Department, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, EgyptAbeer O.AbotalebStored Product Pest Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, EgyptJournal Article20210126The cowpea beetle <em>Callosobruchus maculates</em> (Fabr.) is a serious pest that infests pulse seeds in storage. The current study aimed to assess the sublethal effects of two insecticides deltamethrin, thiamethoxam and a botanical power of fennel (<em>Foeniculum vulgare</em> Mill) on <em>C. maculatus</em> development and its essential enzymes. Thiamethoxam, deltamethrin insecticides and fennel plant powder activities against the cowpea beetle, <em>C. maculatus, </em>were assessed throughout direct contact application. Thiamethoxam showed the LC<sub>50</sub> value of 21.05 ppm followed by deltamethrin (LC<sub>50</sub>= 85.1 ppm) while, the least effect was recorded with fennel seeds powder with LC<sub>50</sub> value 36325.8 ppm. Concerning sublethal effects, sublethal concentrations of thiamethoxam (LC<sub>10</sub>, LC<sub>25</sub>, LC<sub>50</sub> and LC<sub>75</sub>) significantly reduced egg-laying. While LC<sub>75</sub> of deltamethrin significantly decreased egg-laying related to control. In contrast, fennel seeds powder failed to turn down the number of eggs laid by <em>C. maculatus </em>females compared with the control. Complete protection to deltamethrin against <em>C. maculatus </em>adults was maintained after 24 h till 7 months and to thiamethoxam from 24 h till 4 months. Biochemical studies showed that the activity of acetylcholine esterase (AChE), α, ß esterase and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) showed a significant decrease in sublethal concentrations of thiamethoxam and deltamethrin related to the control. Regarding the effect on germination, no adverse effect was noticed due to the chemical and botanical seed protectants application. https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_161753_238359038f12be1517364aad881235d6.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880914120210330Studies on The Possibility of Using the Three Biological Control Agents; The Predator Ccoccinella undecimpunctata L., the Predator, Hippodamia convergens Guer. and the Aphid Parasitoid, Diaeretiellarapae (M'Intosh), Against the Legume Aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch.27228616294610.21608/eajbsa.2021.162946ENAli, M. A.M.Biological Control Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center.Journal Article20210206In Egypt, the faba bean plants (<em>Vicia faba</em>L.) is considered as one of the most important field crops that are continuously and extensively grown year after year, representing a popular local feeding and market crop for the Egyptian people. This crop is subjected to attack by the legume aphid, <em>Aphis craccivora</em> Koch. (Homoptera: Aphididae), which cause obvious damage to the resulted faba bean crop.The obtained results indicated that the faba bean plants that were cultivated in the greenhouses of the two tested released cases of the ladybird beetles ;<em> Ccoccinella undecimpunctata</em> L. and <em>Hippodamia convergens</em> Guer. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) when were compared with that case of the unreleased control 1 were as follows: for the unreleased control 1, the mean total number of the legume aphid, <em>A. craccivora</em> individuals per the period of experiment 1 was 2360.92±419.77(100-5189) individuals. While, in there leased case of the ladybird beetle <em>C. undecimpunctata</em>, the corresponding mean total number of the legume aphid, <em>A. craccivora</em> individuals per the period of the experiment was 715.30±235.30 (100-2861) individuals and the percentage of the reduction in the total number of the aphid individuals per the period of the experiment was 69.70%.But, for the released caseof the ladybird beetle, <em>H. convergens</em>,the mean total number of the legume aphid, <em>A. craccivora</em> individuals per the period of the experiment was 933.00±247.47 (100-2975) individuals and the percentage of the reduction in the total number of the aphid individuals per the period of the experiment was 60.48%.However, in experiment 2, the mean total number of the legume aphid <em>A. Craccivora</em> individuals in the aphid parasitoid,<em> Diaeretiella rapae</em> (M'Intosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) releasing case was 1380.76±248.84 (100-2711) individuals, in comparing with the unreleased control 2 cases (1672.79±313.10 (100-3582)). The total number of the mummies of the aphid parasitoid, <em>D. rapae</em> increased at the end of the experiment in the release case of the aphid parasitoid, <em>D. rapae</em>. This indicated that the <em>D. rapae</em> adultsˈ parasitoids were emerged from the parasitized aphid mummies and began to parasitize newly aphid individuals and thus the total number of the aphid mummies were increased at the end of season (successful parasitism of the aphid parasitoid, <em>D. rapae </em>has occurred). Therefore, the obtained results revealed the important role of the two predators (the ladybird beetles; <em>C. undecimpunctata</em> & <em>H. convergens</em>) and also the aphid parasitoid,<em> D. rapae</em>, as three effective biocontrol agents (representing a major component of the biological control techniques) against the legume aphid, <em>A. craccivora</em>on the faba bean plants. As a result, they can be released in the faba bean fields and/or other related fields that suffer from the pest attack. They must be included in the Integrated Pest Management (I.P.M.) strategies, for decreasing the undesirable effects of using the chemical control methodshttps://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_162946_3f325281e458d039fef26a6ba7fae4e8.pdf