Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880915220220601Bio-efficacy of Different Insecticides on Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Bamiyan Province, Afghanistan1923313410.21608/eajbsa.2022.233134ENMohammad Hussain H.FalahzadahPlant Protection Department, Agriculture Faculty, Kabul University, Kabul, AfghanistanMohammad S.RahimiPlant Protection Department of Agriculture Faculty, Kabul University, AfghanistanAsadullahAzamNational agrochemical specialist/AAIP/MAILKhan A.SahakPlant Protection Department of Agriculture Faculty, Kabul University, AfghanistanJournal Article20220303Potatoes are dominantly cultivated in Bamiyan province and play an important role in food safety inside the country. Colorado potato beetle is a major pest of potatoes that decreases the yield and quality of the potatoes. In this study evaluated the effect of different insecticides on the management of the Colorado potato beetle,<em> Leptinotarsa decemlineata </em>(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), in Bamiyan province of Afghanistan. The study was carried out in Kahmard District of Bamiyan province, in 2018. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) using 700 ml/ hectare of imidacloprid SL and 900ml/ hectare of cypermethrin EC, carbaryl EC, deltamethrin EC, and chlorpyrifos SL with three replications. The data were recorded 1 day before the application of each insecticide and at 3, 5 and 7-days intervals post-application. The statistical analyses showed that cypermethrin EC was the most effective in comparison to other insecticides for reducing the Colorado potato beetle population resulting in an increase in yield. Non-treated plots had a significantly higher number of Colorado potato beetle in comparison to insecticide-treated plots. However, no significant difference was seen within the insecticide-treated plots. Insecticide-treated plots had significantly higher yields in comparison to non-treated ones.https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_233134_8052180ebc1c03223f51e1e8b4d53a97.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880915220220601Food Preference and Survival Rates of Allodontermes tenax (Isoptera: Termitidea)111723970910.21608/eajbsa.2022.239709ENMakila N.JacobDepartment of Biological Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya.Ndong A.MillicentDepartment of Biological Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya.OmukundaElizabethDepartment of Biological Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya.Journal Article20220428The main goal of this research was to determine food preference and survival rates of<em>Allodontermes tenax.</em> Traditionally, <em>A.tenax </em>has been induced to swarm during the dry season. In order to determine the best substrate for mass production, it was necessary to find a suitable food substance that enhanced the survival of the termites in the laboratory and hence can be applied in situ. The study was carried out in Trans-Nzoia at an altitude of 1,900 meters, with a latitude of 1°1'8.72"N, and a longitude of 35°0'8.3"E. The main activity in the area is crop farming and livestock husbandry. Termite workers were collected when swarming and placed in 500grams collection jars and taken to the laboratory. Some of the alates and a number of small or large soldiers and workers were preserved in 80% ethanol for identification. The experiments involved testing food preference and survival rates on maize cob husks on loam soil; maize stalk on loam soil; eucalyptus wood on loam soil; wheat straw on loam soil; pinewood on loam soil and loam soil alone as a substrate. The loam soil was put in an incinerator for 24hours to remove any organic matter present in the soil for all the treatments. The insect used in these experiments were workers of at least the third instar since earlier experiments have shown that workers below the third instar have a low survival rate under the same laboratory conditions. Two experiments were performed to determine food preference and survival rates. For each experiment, 15 rearing containers measuring 18x15x7 cm were used. After 2, 4 and 6 weeks, the samples were removed from the rearing chamber and the surviving termites were counted. The number of surviving termite workers found from each treatment was used to calculate the survival rate. The treatment with the highest survival rate was deemed the most preferred food and hence enhanced survival. The rate of survival was highest in wheat straw and loam with a grand average of 82.26% followed by maize stalk and loam with 63.82%. Apart from the control experiment, the lowest survival rates were observed in a pinewood at 47.72%. This shows that wheat straw enhanced the survival of <em>A. tenax </em>and hence the most preferred food item<em>.</em>https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_239709_bc4ce8afdb10d13e4809936a88d7e1f8.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880915220220601Some Factors Affecting the Population Density of Faba Bean Leafminer Fly, Liriomyza trifolii In Menoufia Governorate192523971010.21608/eajbsa.2022.239710ENEldefrawy, B.M.Economic Entomology &Agriculture Zoology Department, Faculty of Agriculture Menoufia UniversityJournal Article20220402The present investigation was conducted during 2018/2020 seasons inMenoufia governorate, to study the effect of three faba bean varieties, weather factors and three levels of fertilization on the population density of <em>Liriomyza trifolii L.</em> The obtained results stated that the population density recorded two peaks during the first season (2018-2019) on Misr1 and Misr 2 varieties, while three peaks on Giza 843. During the second season (2019-2020) three peaks of abundance occurred on Misr1 and Giza 843, while on Misr 2 occurred four peaks. The larval population reached the highest value of 40.9, 54.4 and 59.8 larvae/leaf (1<sup>st</sup>. season), while in the second season recorded 37.1, 37.7 and 47.5 larvae/leaf for the three varieties, Misr1 and Misr 2 varieties and Giza 843, respectively. The highest infestation percentage was recorded100% in 1<sup>st</sup>. season, while in 2<sup>nd</sup> season recorded 100, 98.4 and 92.3% on the three varieties, respectively. Data obtained revealed no significant differences between the three varieties when fertilized with the three levels, while significant differences were recorded between Misr 1and Misr 2 compared with Giza 843variety during both seasons of study. https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_239710_8abe055ded364d87420ef824a6c85a1d.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880915220220601Food Coloring Additives as a New Technology to Get Colorful Cocoons from Silkworm bombyx mori. L. and its Effect on the Economic parameters273324176310.21608/eajbsa.2022.241763ENShimaa, ShaklShaklPlant Protection Dept., Fac. of Agric. and Natural Resources, Aswan Univ., Aswan, EgyptJournal Article20220404<span>The purpose of this study is to get cheap and new methods to color the silk of silkworm <em>bombyx mori L.</em> without affecting the economic parameters of the silkworm. Two colors were used to color the cocoons, Red and Blue. In each group, Meany parameters were studied. Both colors showed a positive significance compared to the control group. The percent from control was calculated and it had no negative effect on the parameters. Larval fresh weight at the end of the 5<sup>th</sup> instar was (2.857and 2.588gm) in red and blue, respectively. The maximum mean numbers were recorded in shell weight and shell ratio (0.284gm. and 20.87 %) in the blue color, respectively. Also, data cleared that using Food Coloring as a supplement in feeding detected a non-significant decrease in the parameters of silkworm compared with the control. However, the cost of the food colorants is cheaper than the industrial dyes. More studies need to assess how to get coloring silk at a low cost, is available, healthy, and enduring.</span>https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_241763_714ab0c67b5392cb8c979ccdc912686e.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880915220220601The Novelty of Azolla pinnata As a Promising Alternative Feed for Honeybee, Apis mellifera (L.)354924176610.21608/eajbsa.2022.241766ENEl Ghbawy I.A.,Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Qalyubia, 13736, Egypt.Omar R..E.,Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Qalyubia, 13736, Egypt.Khattab M.M.Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Qalyubia, 13736, Egypt.Nowar E.E.Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Qalyubia, 13736, Egypt.https://orcid.org/00Journal Article20220405<span lang="EN-GB">Honeybees play a pivotal role in pollinating plants worldwide besides producing valuable products that are used commercially for several purposes. The main factor affecting the biological activities of honeybee colonies is the source of their food and components, especially the source of protein. Therefore, two experiments (in apiary and laboratory) were designed to use a novel protein source (<em>Azolla pinnata</em>) in an attempt to enhance the biological activities of honeybees. Nine colonies of honey bees were divided into three groups, each group received a different protein source (azolla, maize pollen grains, sugar syrup only as control). We found that although t</span><span lang="EN-GB">he consumption rate of pollen patty exceeds the azolla patty, all estimated biological activities were higher in the honeybee group fed on the azolla patty than in other groups. The estimated activities included the sealed brood area, Hypopharyngeal gland development (HPG) and its effect on royal jelly production, abdominal</span><span lang="EN-GB"> lipid content as well as the longevity of honey bee workers. Hence, the success of our idea of using Azolla as a promising source of protein in feed </span><span lang="EN-GB">alternatives for honeybees has succeeded for the first time in the world, and it is considered a new starting point for many studies towards finding unconventional and environmentally safe feed alternatives.</span>https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_241766_aaf8a49237c1243e129b955eb2d1d943.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880915220220601Selected Ant Attractive and Chemical Repellent Materials under Climatic Factors affecting the Population Fluctuations of the Common Black Little Ant, Monomorium carbonarium (F. Smith, 1858) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)516824313810.21608/eajbsa.2022.243138ENMohamed Z. Y.AlyZoology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, QenaKhaled S. M.OsmanZoology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, QenaShaimaa M. A.MohammedZoology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, QenaِِِAmr M.M.BadawyZoology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena0000-0002-4561-2647Journal Article20220408The current work is to study the effectiveness of attractive and some chemical materials under the impact of ambient physical parameters on the black little, <em>Monomorium carbonarium</em> population fluctuations. New modified pitfall and baits trap used for outdoor and indoor trials, respectively. Ten attractants (sugar, rice, peanuts, kidney beans, dry dates, ajwa, wheat, coconut, currant, and honey) and three repellent materials (Butex, chalk, and vinegar) were used. Furthermore, the greatest number of ants attracted to honey (4057 individuals) representing 19.45 %. However, the lowest numbers were for kidney beans (461 individuals) with 2.21 %. Additionally, the highest number was collected on vinegar (78 individuals), in contrast, the lowest numbers were in chalk (6 individuals). On the other hand, both maximum and minimum temperatures had a substantial positive effect on the abundance of ants on attractants at whole sites except site (E) having a significant negative effect. Furthermore, relative humidity had a significant positive effect at sites (A), (D), and (E), and a negative significant effect on other sites. It was concluded, that <em>M. carbonarium</em> may be attracted to honey and coconut. Moreover, the presence of <em>M. carbonarium</em> was inversely proportional to temperatures and directly to relative humidity to control <em>M. carbonarium </em>used chalk in our habitats. Therefore, it is recommended that studied materials should be stored in arid and closed places. Moreover, chalk as a powder can be used as a repellent material for this species.https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_243138_9aceafa64c1a86544bafb8be8ab88002.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880915220220616Laboratory Valuation of The Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against Some Insect Pests of the Potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L.)697724710810.21608/eajbsa.2022.247108ENGehan M.NouhBiological Control Dept., Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20220410The potato crop (<em>Solanum tuberosum</em> L.) is one of Egypt's most fundamental food crops and global. It is an onslaught by many insect pests that as the potato tuber moth, <em>Phthorimaea operculella </em>(Zeller), the hard black beetle, <em>Pentodon bispinosus</em> (Kuster), and the Egyptian cotton leafworm, <em>Spodoptera littoralis</em> (Boisduval). The current research aims to study the efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs); <em>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</em>, <em>Steinernema glaseri</em>, and <em>Steinernema carpocapsae</em>, against some major pest species that infest the potato crop.The experiment of<em> P. operculella</em>4<sup>th</sup>larval instars and pupae treated with <em>H. bacteriophora</em> and<em> S. carpocapsae</em> gave the highest mortality compared with<em> S. glaseri. </em>The LC<sub>50</sub> values of <em>H. bacteriophora</em> and <em>S. carpocapsae</em> were calculated in the 4<sup>th</sup>instar larvae of <em>P. operculella</em> as 127.1496 and 148.5994 IJs/larva, respectively. While the LC<sub>50</sub> value of <em>S. glaseri</em> recorded, was 247.2687 IJs/larva. Treatment of <em>P. bispinosus</em> larvae <em>S. glaseri</em> showed the highest efficacy against the 2<sup>nd</sup>and 3<sup>rd</sup>instars larvae of <em>P. bispinosus</em> compared with <em>H. bacteriophora</em> and <em>S. carpocapsae</em>. The LC<sub>50</sub> values of <em>S. glaseri</em> were 1073.640 and 1330.312IJs/larva to combat the 2<sup>nd</sup>and 3<sup>rd</sup>instars larvae of <em>P. bispinosus. </em>In the experiment of <em>S. littoralis</em> on 3<sup>rd</sup>and 5<sup>th</sup>instar larvae, the <em>H. bacteriophora</em> and <em>S. carpocapsae</em> showed higher mortality than <em>S. glaseri. </em>LC<sub>50</sub> values of <em>H. bacteriophora</em> and <em>S. carpocapsae</em> were (38.489 and 40.791) and (42.149 and 51.932) IJs/larva in the 3<sup>rd</sup>and 5<sup>th</sup>instar larvae of <em>S.littoralis</em>, respectively. While in the case of <em>S. glaseri, </em>correspondent LC<sub>50</sub> values recorded were70.106 and 95.295 IJs/larva. <em>H. bacteriophora</em> recorded the most elevated mortality in (the 4<sup>th</sup>larval instars and pupae of <em>P. operculella</em>) and (3<sup>rd</sup>and 5<sup>th</sup>instar larvae of<em> S. littoralis</em>)<em>, </em>followed by<em> S. carpocapsae. S. glaseri</em> recorded the highest mortality (100%) of2<sup>nd</sup>and 3<sup>rd</sup>instars larvae of <em>P. bispinosus</em> compared with <em>H. bacteriophora</em> and <em>S. carpocapsae</em>. The results also concluded that <em>S. littoralis</em>was the most sensitive to the use of EPNs, followed by <em>P. operculella</em> and then <em>P. bispinosus</em>. EPNs can be relied on as successful biocontrol agents against soil-dwelling pests and add nematodes to pest control programs.https://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/article_247108_abf7773fd486f7c0a7372a08828d28c3.pdf