Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880913420201201Biodiversity and Population Dynamics of Natural Enemies in the Western Desert Agro-Ecosystem, Egypt11411697710.21608/eajbsa.2020.116977ENWaelEL-SHEIKHDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Beni-Suef University, Egypt, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt address:Ahmed, H.El-KenwayBiological Control Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, EgyptMustafa, M.SolimanDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, P. O. 12613, EgyptJournal Article20200625Extension of the newly reclaimed areas for agriculture in Egypt has obviously affected the microclimate of the insect pests, which seriously threatens the cultivated field crops. Besides, the role of the major natural enemies must be carefully understood. Therefore, a field study was conducted in El-Farafra Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt to assess biodiversity and population dynamics of major natural enemies found associated with three field crops (faba bean, cotton, and alfalfa) by sweep-net and beat and shake sampling. The species diversity of natural enemies included 27 species, 23 genera, 14 families belonging to six orders and the total abundance of these species was 5098 individuals sampled during 2018 and 2019. The most common insect order was Coleoptera (composing 42.2% of the total abundance) followed by Hymenoptera (28.1%) and Neuroptera (17.8%), whereas the smallest number of individuals found in Odonata (2.1%). Similar population dynamics of natural enemies in the three crop fields were observed during the two seasons, and most species showed a positive correlation with temperature and negative correlation with relative humidity. The values of species diversity, richness, and evenness indices were higher in the alfalfa field (2.529, 2.623, and 0.846, respectively).Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880913420201201Correlation Between the Incidence of Datepalm White Scale Insect, Parlatoria blanchardii and Abiotic Factors152111820810.21608/eajbsa.2020.118208ENRajendraKumarDepartment of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, Rajasthan-334006, IndiaA. R.NaqviDept. of Entomology, COA, Bikaner & Incharge of Dateplam Research Centre, SKRAU, Bikaner-334006, IndiaJournal Article20200524The seasonal incidence of <em>P. blanchardii</em> on datepalm was mild during May and June and then on the onset of monsoon its population increased and reached to maximum during December and January months. The highest population of this pest was recorded during the month of January while, minimum in the month of June. The scale population showed a significant negative correlation with maximum and minimum temperatures. While non-significant negative correlation with maximum relative humidity and rainfall. However, minimum relative humidity had a significant negative correlation.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880913420201201Taxonomical Revision of The Tribe Coccinellini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) In Egypt234711876610.21608/eajbsa.2020.118766ENAbdel-Hakam Y A.El-SaeadyDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, EgyptSherif F.HafezDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, EgyptMohamed K.AbiedDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, EgyptMohammed KamelAbiedDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20200628The study aims to investigate the reliable identification members of the tribe Coccinellini, because of their potential as biological control agents, as predators of aphid insect pests, and other soft-bodied insects which, threatened the major crops. The surveys were conducted in twelve governorates represent the most geographical regions within, Egypt. Specimens were collected regularly during the years of 2017- 2019, and some species have dispersed widely, and others are presented in one site. Totally, 9 species, subspecies, and more than 29 aberrations, belonging to two species <em>Coccinella undecimpunctata</em>, and <em>Hippodamia variegata</em>, classified into four genera within the tribe Coccinellini. Morphological characters especially the genitalia were studied with the morphometric measurements. Key to genera and species were constructed, and the illustration to the most effective characters were provided, with the local and world distributions for each species. Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880913420201201Evaluation Efficiency Sticky Traps on Attraction Whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum on Strawberry Plants Under Glasshouse Conditions495511876710.21608/eajbsa.2020.118767ENMarwa, M.MousaPlant Protection Research Institute, ARC, Dokki, Giza, EgyptMarwa, A. M.Abd-AllahPlant Protection Research Institute, ARC, Dokki, Giza, EgyptEmam A.SPlant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Giza, 12618 EgyptJournal Article20200702This study was carried out to evaluate efficiency sticky traps on attraction <em>Trialeurodes vaporariorum</em> (Westwood) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on strawberry plants <em>Fragaria ananassa</em> (L.) (Three strawberry varieties i.e. Sweet charli, Chandler and Festival) under glasshouse conditions at two locations (governorates), Nobariya (Behera governorate) and Perkash (Giza governorate) during season 2019/2020.<br /> This study contains three experiments; the first experiment aimed to evaluate the efficiency color of the sticky trap on attraction <em>T. vaporariorum</em> throughout comparison between four colors (yellow, red, white and blue). Results showed that the traps which have yellow color more efficiency on attractive <em>T. vaporariorum</em> than others which have (blue, red, and white) color, respectively. Second experiment aimed to evaluation efficiency height of the yellow sticky trap on attraction <em>T. vaporariorum</em> through comparison between four heights (2m, 1.5m, 1m and 0.5m) above the ground. Results showed that the trap which have 2m height above the ground more efficiency on attractive <em>T. vaporariorum</em> than others which have (1.5m, 1m and 0.5m) heights, respectively. Third experiment aimed to evaluation efficiency orientation of the yellow sticky trap on attraction <em>T. vaporariorum</em> through comparison between four orientations (North, South, East and West). Results showed that had no clearly effect of the trap orientation on attraction <em>T. vaporariorum</em>Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880913420201201Effect of Different Host Plants on The Different Haemocyte Counts and Haemocyte Viability of Larvae of Spodoptera littoralis and Agrotis ipsilon576311876810.21608/eajbsa.2020.118768ENEl-Khayat, E.F.Faculty of Agriculture, Moshtohor, Benha UniversityHassan F.DahiPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricult. Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptTawfik, M.M.Department of Plant Protection, Faculty. Agriculture, Tripoli University, LibyaEl-Shewy, A.M.Faculty of Agriculture, Moshtohor, Benha UniversityJournal Article20200704<span lang="EN-GB">The present study aimed to investigate the effect of different six host plants namely, Cabbage, alfalfa, Jaw’s mallow, lettuce, turnip, and castor leaves on the total haemocyte count (THC), percentage of haemocyte viability, and the percentage of each type of haemocyte (differential haemocyte count, DHC) in <em>Spodoptera littoralis</em> and <em>Agrotis ipsilon</em> fourth instar larvae. There are five types of haemocytes in <em>A. ipsilon</em> and <em>S. littoralis</em> larvae; Prohaemocyte, Plasmatocyte, Granulocyte, Spherocytes, and Oenocyte. Results recorded the highest value 13.3±0.68 of Prohaemocyte at lettuce and the lowest value 9.3 for Cabbage, alfalfa and turnip. On the other hand, Prohaemocyte recorded the highest value 12.6 ± 0.9 in the case of castor feeding and 8.7 ± 0.3 for turnip for <em>S. littoralis</em>. Plasmatocyte recorded 45.3 ± 2.9 cells/mm<sup>3</sup>for <em>A. ipsilon</em> feed on turnip and 47.3 ± 1.8 cells/mm<sup>3</sup>for <em>S. littoralis</em> feed on lettuce as the highest value while Granulocyte recorded 33 ± 4.1 and 35 ± 0.7 for <em>A. ipsilon</em> feed on Jaw’s mallow, respectively. Spherocytes recoded 15.3 ± 0.9 and 12.3 ± 0.9 for <em>A.</em> <em>ipsilon</em> and <em>S. littoralis</em> feed on alfalfa. Finally, Oenocyte recorded 7.7 ± 1.5 and 7.3 ± 1.4 for <em>A. ipsilon</em> and <em>S. littoralis</em> feed on castor</span><span lang="AR-EG" dir="RTL">. </span><span lang="EN-GB"> Total haemocytic count recorded 29 ± 0.3 and 36 ± 0.75 cells/mm<sup>3</sup> as the highest value when both <em>A. ipsilon</em> and <em>S.</em> <em>littoralis</em> feed on Alfalfa. Also, the haemocyte viability % recorded the highest value 91.5 ± 2.6 and 96.2 ± 0.8 % for <em>A. ipsilon</em> and <em>S. littoralis</em> feed on feed on Alfalfa. The result recorded increasing DHC level after feeding of the fourth larval instar of <em>S</em>. <em>littoralis</em> and <em>A. ipsilon</em> on different plant hosts such an increase in DHC gives an impression that blood cells may share in detoxifying. The most obvious activity of haemocyte is phagocytosis. In this context, the most active phagocytes are the Plasmatocyte, Plasmatocyte which was implicated in the encapsulation of necrotic tissues. </span>Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880913420201201Two New Species of Caloglyphus Berlese, 1923 (Acari: Acaridae) from Soil in Egypt657212060210.21608/eajbsa.2020.120602ENEraky, S.A.Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526 EgyptFatma A.MareiDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, EgyptMohamed A.NasserDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, EgyptMohamed W.NegmDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, EgyptJournal Article20200706Two new mite species of the genus <em>Caloglyphus</em> Berlese, 1923 (Acari: Acaridae) are described and illustrated based on deutonymphal stages collected from mango orchards in Assiut, Upper Egypt. The new species, <em>C. mangiferus </em>sp. nov. and <em>C. similares </em>sp. nov., were extracted from soil samples under the mango trees. The new species are characterized by having a pair of short peduncles globosely setae situated dorsosublaterally on the idiosoma.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880913420201201Heat Requirements for the Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) as a New Invasive Pest in Egypt738512060310.21608/eajbsa.2020.120603ENHassan F.DahiPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricult. Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptSherehan A.R.SalemZoology Department, Fac. of Science, South Vally University, Qena, EgyptWalaa E.GamilCotton Leafworm Research Department – Plant Protection Research Institute, ARC, Dokki, Giza, EgyptHend O.MohamedBiological Control Research Department – Plant Protection Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt, Assiut Insect LaboratoryJournal Article20200710The present study is the first attempt in Egypt which focused on determining the development rate of <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em> at different constant temperatures, the number of degree-days (DD’s) required for each stage to complete development, as well as the degree-days required for overall egg-to-adult development. The study was conducted under three constant temperatures (20, 25, and 30 °C at the Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, South Vally University, Qena Governorate, Egypt.<br /> The aim of this study was to determine the development rate of <em>S. frugiperda</em> at different temperatures and to calculate the number of degree-days (DD’s) required for each stage to complete its development. The study showed that the mean incubation period was6.9, 3.4, and 2.1 days at 20, 25, and 30 °C<strong>, </strong>respectively, and the larval duration were 38.5, 23.7, and 18.6 days at the same temperatures, respectively. On the other hand, The average pupal durations were 22.5 at 20, 9.4 at 25, and 7.7days at 30°C. For the adult stage the mean time required for maturation of the ovaries and starting to egg-laying, decreased as the temperature increased, from 4.8 days at 20°C to 2.1 days at 30°C. Meanwhile, the mean duration of generation for <em>S. frugiperda</em> was 72.7, 40.1, and 30.5 days at 20, 25, and 30°C, respectively. The lower threshold of development (t<sub>0</sub>) and average thermal units in degree-d (dd’s) were 15.79 °C and 30.0 dd’s for egg stage; 10.39 °C and 360.2 dd’s for the larval stage; 14.05 °C and 129.8 dd’s for the pupal stage; 12.95 °C and 37.73 dd’s for pre- oviposition period and 12.49°C and 527.3 dd’s for a complete generation. The study of heat requirementsof the fall armyworm as a new invasive pest came to Egypt from the South Africa countries is very important to determine the thermal heat units for the development and growth of this pest in order to predict the annual field generations in other supplementary studies and draw up a planning IPM strategy for this dangerous pest during the absence of any local information about it.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880913420201201Study of the Efficacy of Oxalic Acid and Thymovar (Thymol) against the Parasitic Mite of the Honey Bee, Varroa destrutor879412060410.21608/eajbsa.2020.120604ENNoureddineAdjlaneDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Science, M’hamed Bougara University, Algeria0000-0002-0369-2968Redha,SmaouiNational institute specializing in vocational training (INSFP) of BougaraNizar,HaddadNational Agricultural Research Center. P.O.Box 639-Baqa' 19381. JordanJournal Article20200719Varroasis is a dangerous pathogen of the honey bee caused by the mite Varroa destructor, the aim of this work is to assess the effectiveness of two natural products (oxalic acid and thymol) in the fight against varroasis. The experiment covered 40 colonies in the central region of Algeria. Two doses of oxalic acid were used: 30 and 45 grams per liter of sugar syrup. For thymol (Thymovar), two treatments were carried out: ½ strip with one and two applications for each group of colonies. The 1/2 strip formulation in two applications at an interval of two weeks apart seems the most effective; the 45 gm solution of oxalic acid has a higher efficacy compared to that of 30 gm, that the effectiveness of oxalic acid is directly linked to the presence of brood at the time of the intervention. these two treatments are of control measure to be integrated by beekeepers as part of an alternative control strategy.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880913420201201A new Vision for Improving the Biological Properties of The Mulberry Silkworm, Bombyx Mori Using the Powder of Three Different Types of Ground Snails and Plant Extracts9510512097910.21608/eajbsa.2020.120979ENMohammed, Gh.R.Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, EgyptEl-Shewy, A.M.Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, EgyptJournal Article20200721<span lang="EN-GB">These experiments were carried out as an attempt to develop methods used in raising mulberry silkworms. 2 and 3% of three different types of plant extracts <em>Nigella sativa</em>, <em><span>Allium sativum,</span></em> and <em>Moringa oleifera</em>, as well as 50 and 100 grams of three </span><span lang="EN-GB">different types of ground snail's powder <em>Eobania vermiculata</em>, <em>Helicella vestalis, </em>and <em>Monacha cardusiana</em> were added to the mulberry silkworm <em>Bombyx mori</em> diet and tested for their influence on some of its biological characteristics. The results showed the following, 3%<em> N. sativa</em> in the worm's diet had the best effectiveness on all the tested traits. Also, 100 grams of different snail's powder showed an effective effect </span><span lang="EN-GB">on all the tested biological characteristics of <em>B. mori</em>. When 3% of <em>N. sativa</em> was mixed with 100 g powder of the three different snails into food, this led to excellent results in measurements of all tested traits, especially in the case of the terrestrial snail <em>E. vermiculata</em>. An analysis was made of the most important nutrients that are found in the bodies of the tested ground snails, and the results showed that their bodies contain high levels of proteins, carbohydrates, and sugars as well as some important minerals Especially<em> E. vermiculata </em>and<em> H. vestalis</em>. </span>Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880913420201201Estimation of Regional Effect, Evaluation Index and Subordinate Function of Mulberry Silkworm in Some Egyptian Governorates10712112098010.21608/eajbsa.2020.120980ENTahia A.FouadSericulture Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20200723Two local and important hybrids of silkworm, <em>Bombyx mori</em> L. were reared in three Egyptian governorates of Qalubyia, Giza and Sohag (Q, G and S). Fourteen parameters of 5<sup>th</sup> instar duration (FD), whole larvae duration (LD), mortality percentage (MP), number of cocoon/liter (C /L), cocooning percentage (CP), duple cocooning percentage (DCP), cocoon crop by number (Crop/N), cocoon crop by weight (Crop/W) were recorded. Cocoon weight (CW), cocoon shell weight (CSW), pupae weight (PW), cocoon shell ratio (CSR), silk productivity (SP) for females and males were investigated. The results revealed that rearing silkworm was better in Qalubyia and Giza comparing with Sohag governorate. Some modifications for adjusting the rearing techniques, temperature and humidity to raise the silk production were recommended. As well as selections the hybrids suitable for Upper Egypt conditions. <br /> Performances of hybrids characters are changed according to the environment changed. The average of CW, CSW, PW, CSR and SP traits were better for both sexes in Qalubyia governorate. Hybrid of hy<sub>1</sub> was the best for CW, CSW, PW, CSR and SP traits for both sexes. Both of hy<sub>1</sub> and hy<sub>2</sub> were mostly the best hybrids in Qalubyia, Giza and Sohag of females and males. Evaluation index and subordinate function values depended on the hybrids which represented the genetic factor and the locations that represented the environmental factor and its interactions.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880913420201201Toxicity of Alone and Combine Application of Botanical Extracts against 2nd Instar Larvae of Liriomyza trifolli on Tomato, Lycopersicum esculentum12312812137310.21608/eajbsa.2020.121373ENAzharMujahidDepartment of Agriculture and Agribusiness Management, University of Karachi, Karachi, PakistanHamza AzizKhanDepartment of Agriculture and Agribusiness Management, University of Karachi, Karachi, PakistanSanveedSarwarDepartment of Entomology, University of Agriculture, FaisalabadJunaidMustafaDepartment of Agriculture and Agribusiness Management, University of Karachi, Karachi, PakistanHamzaaKhanDepartment of Agriculture and Agribusiness Management, University of Karachi, Karachi, PakistanSohailQadirDepartment of Entomology, University of Agriculture, FaisalabadZulnorainSajidDepartment of Entomology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, PakistanJournal Article20200923<span lang="EN-GB">Tomato is an important vegetable crop and cultivated all over the world. The production of tomato is reducing due to the attack of various insect pests such as <em>Liriomyza trifolii</em>. <em>L. trifolii</em> is a very destructive pest and can cause severe economic losses of tomato, <em>Lycopersicon esculentum</em>. Botanicals, <em>Azadirachta </em><em>indica,</em> and <em>Euclyptus camaldulensis </em>were checked during 2017 under laboratory conditions to check them alone and combine toxicity against second instar larvae of tomato <em>Liriomyza trifolii</em>. Significant differences (P<0.001) were recorded. Highly significant mortality 11.40±0.533c was recorded by the combine treatment of <em>A. indica + E. camaldulensis</em> at 10% concentration followed by <em>A. indica</em> 7.90±1.302ac at 10% concentration. The study concluded both plant extracts (<em>Azadirachta </em><em>indica</em> and <em>Euclyptus camaldulensis)</em> could be used as effective management strategy to control insect pests especially <em>Liriomyza trifolii</em> in laboratory as well as field conditions.</span>Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880913420201201Survey of The Main Pests Infesting Squash Plants and Its Relation with The Planting Dates at Assiut Governorate12914012263410.21608/eajbsa.2020.122634ENAbou El-Saad, A.K.Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptM. Z.EmbarakPlant Protection Res. Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, EgyptA. A. A.SalemPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20200925Field experiments were conducted in Assiut Governorate during two successive seasons 2018 and 2019; to survey the phytophagous pests inhabiting squash plants, in addition, to study the relationship between the main pests namely; melon aphid, <em>Aphis gossypii</em> (Glover); whitefly, <em>Bemisia tabaci</em> (Genn.); two-spotted spider mite, <em>Tetranychus urticae</em> Koch; Onion thrips, <em>Trhips tabaci</em> (Lind.) and green leafhopper, <em>Empoasca decipiens</em> (Paoli) and its infestation of the winter, summer and nili squash plantations during 2018 and 2019 growing seasons.<br /> The results revealed clearly twenty species of phytophagous pests belonging to twelve families and seven orders inhibiting winter, summer, and nili squash plantations were encountered by using the plant samples method. Data also, revealed that the summer squash plantation received a higher average number with the aforementioned main pests, followed by nili and winter squash plantations; also, the whitefly, <em>B. tabaci</em> ranked first in the highest average number of individuals followed by a two-spotted spider mite, <em>T. urticae</em>; green leafhopper, <em>E. decipiens</em>; melon aphid, <em>A. gossypii,</em> and onion thrips, <em>T. tabaci</em> infestation to winter, summer and nili squash plantations during 2018 and 2019 growing seasons.<br /> It can be concluded that severe injury of the main pests; <em>A. gossypii, B. tabaci, T. urticae, T. tabaci</em> and <em>E. decipiens</em> to the squash plants can be avoided by using the winter plantation date followed by nili and summer plantation dates.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880913420201201Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Some Synthetic Insecticides Against Cotton Bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)14114612263510.21608/eajbsa.2020.122635ENMohammadRazinatajCotton Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, IranMahmoudJokarCotton Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, IranTaghiMojeniCotton Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, IranParisaHeraviCotton Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, IranKianooshHaghnamaAgricultural Jahad Organization of Golestan ProvincePayamAbravanAgricultural Jahad Organization of Golestan ProvinceJournal Article20200927Cotton bollworm, <em>Helicoverpa armigera</em> Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is one of the most important and key pests of cotton in Iran. This study was carried out with the aim of investigating the efficacy of several different insecticides on cotton bollworm in three regions of Golestan province, Iran, in a completely randomized design with 4 replications and 7 treatments. Experimental treatments include: Proclame-Fit® 150 g/ha, Profenofos® 2.5 lit/ha, Cypermethrin® 150 ml/ha, Indoxacarb® 250 ml/ha, Karvin® 1.5 lit/ha, Fenpropathrin® 1 lit/ha and control (water without insecticide). Samplings unite of cotton bollworm larvae was 10 cotton plants per plot which were recorded the number of immature pests per plant at the before spraying, 3, 7, and 14 days after spraying. The larval mortality of treatments was modified by the Henderson-Tilton formula to determine the efficiency percentage. According to the results obtained in Bandar-e Gaz, Proclame-Fit® and Karvin® had the highest long-term effect 50.85% and 59.86%, respectively, and Profenofos® had a suitable short-term effect with 74.82% mortality percentage. In Gonbad-e Kavous, Proclame-Fit®, Profenofos® and Karvin® with 96%, 94.33 % and 80% have shown a suitable lethal-short-term effect on cotton bollworm larvae. In Ramian, Proclame-Fit®, Profenofos ® and Karvin ® showed the highest short-term effect on cotton bollworm larvae, 83.18 %, 88.97 % and 88.37%, respectively. Based on the results, to control cotton bollworm, Proclame-Fit ® and Profenofos® are recommended as appropriate insecticides with the recommended doses.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880913420201201Comparison Between Some Mulberry Varieties on Silkworm, Bombyxmori L Economic Traits14715512432810.21608/eajbsa.2020.124328ENGhada. M.AhmedSericulture Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20200928Five mulberry varieties were used for tests. These varieties were <em>Morus alba</em> Linn. Var. Kaeryang- Bpong (K<sub>1</sub>), <em>Morus alba</em> Linn. Var. Kokuso-27 (K<sub>2</sub>), <em>Morus alba</em> Linn. Var. Canava-2 (K<sub>3</sub>), <em>Morus alba</em> Linn. Var. Suisfen (K<sub>4</sub>) and <em>Morus alba</em> Linn. Var. Ardnyl (K<sub>5</sub>).<br /> The agronomical parameters recorded, were shoot length, number shoots/tree, number leaves/ shoot, leaf /shoot ratio, weight of 100 leaf, number leaves/100g, leaf yield/tree, leaf yield/fadden and leaf moisture percentage.<br /> Young instars duration, fourth instar duration, fifth instar duration, total larval duration, pupation ratio, cocooning percentage, number of cocoons/liters, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, pupal weight and cocoon shell ratio, silk productivity, length and weight of silk filament, size of reeled thread (denier) and silk ratio (silk recovery) were registered.<br /> Biochemical analysis was done to estimate the total chlorophyll, chlorophyll A and B & ratio of chlorophyll A/B and carotenoids.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880913420201201Usage of RAPD-PCR Analysis of DNA to Differentiate Lady Bird Beetles Among Family Coccinelidae15716412586210.21608/eajbsa.2020.125862ENIman F. S.ElmahdiBiological Control Res. Depart., Plant Protection Res. Institute., Agricult. Res. CenterHazem A. A.Abul FadlBiological Control Res. Depart., Plant Protection Res. Institute., Agricult. Res. CenterMona A.ShoebBiological Control Res. Depart., Plant Protection Res. Institute., Agricult. Res. Center.Journal Article20200929Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, analysed by polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR), as a tool to differentiate between six coccinellid beetles (<em>Coccinella undecimpunctata </em>L. 1758<em>; C. Novemnotata</em> Herbst 1793; <em>Hippodamia tredecimpunctata</em> L. 1758; <em>Cheilomenes propinqua vicina</em> (Mulsant, 1850); <em>Scymnus (Pullus) subvillosus</em> (Goeze, 1777) and <em>Cydonia vicina nilotic</em>a Mulsant 1850) evaluate the variation and the genetic structure of the different species with three decamer oligonucleotide primers (MWG1, MWG2, and MWG3). MWG1 primer was successfully used to evaluate the similarity and compare genetic variation among the six insects, the total number of amplicons ranged from 10 to 16 per primer with an average of 14 amplicons. Amplicons size (bp) were ranged from 100 bp to 1311 bp. Polymorphic amplicons were ranged from 9 to 16. The maximum of polymorphic bands belonged to MWG2 primer 16 bands with 100% polymorphism, and the minimum of polymorphic bands belonged to MWG3 primer (9bands) with 90% polymorphism. In addition, MWG1 primer was produced (14 bands) with 100% polymorphism. The RAPD analysis data grouped into two main clusters and an independent one, the first cluster was <em>C. vicina nilotica, </em>and <em>C. novemnotata </em>classified as the most related species with 72%, and they close to <em>H. tradecimpunctata </em>with 55%. The second cluster was <em>C. undecimpunctata, </em>and <em>S. subvillosus </em>were closed with 58% while, <em>C. vicina </em>is relatively distant from the other five species, and meet with them at common ancestor with 45% using RAPD-PCR analysis and the results were cleared genetic variations between the six coccinellid spp < em>. The polymorphic percentage ranged between 90% and 100%, and the similarity percentage ranged between 0.32 and 0.71. Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880913420201201Influence of Temperatures on Storage of Formulated Entomopathogenic Nematodes16517412586310.21608/eajbsa.2020.125863ENIman F. S.ElmahdiBiological Control Res. Depart., Plant Protection Res. Institute, Agricultu.Res.Center. Giza -EgyptJournal Article20200930Due to entomopathogenic nematodes EPNs represent excellent biological control agents for soil stages of several insect pests. This work aimed to study the influence of the different temperatures on the survival and vitality of EPN IJs after a long-term duration, and evaluate the suitability of EPNs, for formulation and storage on Hydrogel was used as a carrier medium. The new method was used for storage of IJs that was pieced in a square shape of Baby diapers which containing of Hydrogel (SAP), and fine cotton fibers to offer the moisture for IJs. Four EPNs were investigated, three of them were foreign<em>, Steinernema carpocapsae </em>(S.c.),<em> Steinernema glaseri </em>(S. g.), <em>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora </em>(H.b.), and one indigenous, <em>Heterorhabditis indica </em>(RM1). The tested EPNs divided into two main groups, the first group was stored at room temperature for 4 months, and the second was stored in the refrigerator for a long-term period extended up to 12 months. The survival and pathogenicity of the formulated EPNs were discussed. Results of the EPNs, which were stored at room temperature (group 1), showed that survival % of (RM1) and (S. g.) IJs were more than the others two (S. c.) and (H. b.). Also, (RM1) and (S. g.) achieved high pathogenicity % of the tested wax moth larvae, <em>Galleria mellonella, </em>morethan (S. c.) and (H. b.). The data showed excellent success in case of storage of EPNs IJs at low temperature (group 2), where all EPNs remained survive with percentage 100% for 5 months, while the survival of (S. g.) was 100% after 10 months, followed by (RM1) with survival 100% after 8 months, and (S. c.) as a long-term for 7 months. All EPNs species showed high vitality and infected the <em>G. mellonella</em> larvae with pathogenicity % reached to 85 %, 78%, 76%, and 72% by (S. g.), (S. g.), (S. c.), and (H. b.), respectively as storage long-term period expanded to 12 months.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880913420201201Activity of Otostegia fruticosa (Lamiaceae) Leaves Extracts Against Lymphatic Filariasis Vector, Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae)17518612683510.21608/eajbsa.2020.126835ENMohamed A.M.ShahatDepartment of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University,
Nasr City, Cairo, 11651, Egypt.Tarek M.Y.El-SheikhDepartment of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University,
Nasr City, Cairo, 11651, Egypt.Kotb M.HammadDepartment of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University,
Nasr City, Cairo, 11651, Egypt.Ahmed I.HasaballahDepartment of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University,
Nasr City, Cairo, 11651, Egypt.Ahmed Z.I.ShehataDepartment of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University,
Nasr City, Cairo, 11651, Egypt.Journal Article20200903<span lang="EN-GB">The present study was carried out to evaluate the activity of</span><span lang="EN-GB"> methanol, ethyl acetate, chlorobenzene, and hexane extract from leaves of</span><em><span lang="EN-GB"> Otostegia fruticosa</span></em><span lang="EN-GB">as larvicidal and repellent agents against <em>Culex pipiens</em></span><em><span lang="EN-GB">.</span></em><span lang="EN-GB"> The effect of tested extracts on the female reproductive potential treated as larvae was also investigated. The obtained results showed that </span><span lang="EN-GB">hexane extract have potent larvicidal activitywith</span><span lang="EN-GB">LC<sub>50 </sub>and LC<sub>90</sub> values equal to (126.27 and 236.84 ppm), respectively followed by chlorobenzene (242.14 and 501.17 ppm), ethyl acetate (578.07 and 856.29 ppm) and methanol (653.00 and 1127.10 ppm).</span><span lang="EN-GB"> All tested extracts of </span><em><span lang="EN-GB">O. fruticosa</span></em><span lang="EN-GB"> induced significant (P<0.01) reduction in fecundity and increased the infertility percentages of <em>C. pipiens</em> females developed from treated larvae as compared with control and these effects were solvent- and concentration-dependent. </span><span lang="EN-GB">In addition, the repellency</span><span lang="EN-GB"> effect of tested extracts </span><span lang="EN-GB">was found to be varied among tested extracts. Four hours post-treatment, the dose of 3.33 mg/cm<sup>2</sup> recorded repellency percentages of 64.13 and 75.09 by </span><span lang="EN-GB">methanol and ethyl acetate extracts, respectively</span><span lang="EN-GB">. Meanwhile, </span><span lang="EN-GB">chlorobenzene extract induced repellency percentages of 80.15, 75.94, and 65.84 for the doses of 3.33, 1.67 and 0.83 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. Moreover, repellent activity of hexane extract at doses of 3.33, 1.67 and 0.83 mg/cm<sup>2</sup> recorded 88.08, 79.01 and 75.50%, respectively.</span>Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880913420201201Repellency of Ten Edible and Essential Native Plant Oils to The Granary Weevil, Sitophilus granarius L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)18719712683810.21608/eajbsa.2020.126838ENNasra M. H.ZohryDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University,Sohag, EgyptSalwa A.AliDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University,Sohag, EgyptAbdelwahab A.IbrahimEntomology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20200905The comparative repellency of ten selected native essential and edible oils was assessed against adults of <em>S. granarius</em>. The oils used are black seed oil (<em>Nigella sativa</em>), Sesame oil (<em>Sesamum indicum</em>), olive oil (<em>Olea europaea</em>), Peppermint oil (<em>Mentha piperita</em>), Basil oil (<em>Ocimum basilicum</em>), orange oil (<em>Citrus sinensis</em>), Rosemary oil (<em>Rosmarinus officinalis</em>), Clove oil (<em>Dianthus caryophyllus</em>), Garlic oil (<em>Allium sativum</em>), and Cinnamon oil (<em>Cinnamomum zeylanicum</em>). The repellent activity of different concentrations of each oil was investigated using the area preference method. All essential oils used showed much higher repellent activity to this insect than edible oils. The used oils can be arranged in descending order according to their average mean repellent activity as follows: Cinnamon (96.19%), Garlic (91.27%), Clove (90.43%), Basil (87.04%), Peppermint (79.31%), Rosemary (74.49%), Orange peel (53.54%), Sesame (13.08%), Black seed (11.18%), whereas, Olive oil which was attractive to the insects (- 4.49%). In spite of Orange peel oil, no direct logarithmic correlation was found between the repellent activity of oils and doses used. Also, results showed that the repellent activity of oils fluctuated between decrease and increase as the time of exposure increased. The possibility of using oils as repellents for stored product pests was discussed. Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880913420201201Toxicity and Deleterious Impacts of the Deathstalker Scorpion, Leiurus quinquestriatus, Venom on Development of the Greater Wax Moth, Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)19921112738310.21608/eajbsa.2020.127383ENKaremGhoneimDepartment of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.Hamadah,Kh.Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptTanani,M.Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptEmam,D.Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20200907The greater wax moth, <em>Galleria mellonella</em> L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is the most destructive pest of the honey bee, <em>Apis mellifera</em>, throughout the world. The current study was carried out to evaluate the toxicity and disruptive effects ofthe venom of deathstalker scorpion, <em>Leiurus quinquestriatus</em> (Buthidae: Scorpiones) on the growth, development, and metamorphosis of this pest. The newly moulted 3<sup>rd</sup> instar larvae were fed on an artificial diet treated with a series of venom concentrations (250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 ppm). The present results could be summarized as follows. The venom exhibited considerable toxicity against larvae. Also, the pupae suffered a lethal action of the venom, in a dose-dependent course. In contrast, adult survival was not affected by the tested venom. The LC<sub>50</sub> was calculated in 3428.9 ppm. With regard to growth and development, the somatic weight gain of larvae was slightly reduced proportionally to the concentration. The larval growth rate increasingly regressed by the ascending concentration. The larval duration was remarkably shortened, in a dose-dependent manner. The pupation rate of treated larvae was significantly regressed, in a dose-dependent course. Also, the pupal duration was shortened. Pupae lost more body water than control pupae. The venom failed to affect the metamorphosis program. Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880913420201203Anticipated Factors Affecting Extraction of Venom from Honey Bees colonies by Electrical Impulses.21322013101310.21608/eajbsa.2020.131013ENEslam M.OmarPlant Protection Dept., Fac. of Agric., Assiut Univ., EgyptJournal Article20200909Some factors affecting bee venom extraction by electrical impulses directly from honey bee colonies were studied. Two experiments were conducted during the summer months to study the effect of defensive response degree, colony strength level, and season time of collection. Twenty-four carniolan hybrid honey bee colonies were used.<br /> The results revealed that defensive response was depended on the colony strength and season time of collection. When the number of stings par colony was determined, the stings number was related to the number of frames covered with bees. Bee venom amount which weakly extracted significantly differed during summer months (July and August). From the results of the variability of extracted venom amounts, the main peak of production was recorded during July month. Negative correlation coefficients were recorded between defensive response and collected bee venom from three strength levels from honey bee coloniesEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880913420201207Effect of Temperature and Host Density on Some Characteristics of The Ectoparasitoid Bracon brevecornis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)22123013114410.21608/eajbsa.2020.131144ENAbdelaal, A.A.A.Economic Entomology & Agricultural Zoology Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Menoufia, EgyptSaid, S.M.Economic Entomology and Agriculture Zoology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia UniversityJournal Article20200911The present work was carried out to study the effect of exposure to different temperatures of 15, 20,25,30 and 35˚C and different host densities of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 larvae of the host on some biological aspect of <em>Bracon brevicornis </em>(Walker) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)adult femaleswhen reared on <em>Ephestia kuehniella</em> full-grown larvae. Results indicated that exposure to different temperatures had a significant effect on pre-oviposition, oviposition, post-oviposition and longevity periods of an adult female, As the shortening of these periods was observed with a high temperature and vice versa. Also, a significant effect of temperatures on parasitism % and eggs laid / female were found. The obtained results showed an insignificant effect of host densities on biological aspects of an adult female of <em>B. brevicornis</em>, except in the case of Parasitism % and eggs laid /female.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880913420201201Effect of Rearing Queen Bees, Apis mellifera L. Raised from Grafted Larvae Under Magnetic Field Conditions on Its Characteristics23123813115910.21608/eajbsa.2020.131159ENAbdelaal, A.A.A.Economic Entomology & Agricultural Zoology Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.Journal Article20200913This work was carried out at Economic Entomology &Agricultural Zoology Department Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University. In order to study the impact of honey bee queens raised from grafted larvae exposed to the magnetic field and the unexposed in some characteristics. Carniolan honey bee hybrid was prepared to be reared from and others to represent the queens. The obtained results in the two seasons indicated that the effect of exposure of grafted queen cups to different times of magnetic field on the acceptance percentages of grafted larvae in beeswax cell cups and differed significantly and ranged from 72.22 to 82.33% for the first year 2017 and from 70, 82.33 % for the second year 2018. The acceptance in 3 days exposure times was significantly higher (82.33%) than the one-day exposure time compared with control. Finally, it could be concluded from the obtained results that exposing grafted queen cell in mass rearing production in honey bee colonies may affect the morphometric characters differed from one day to three days compared with non-exposed colonies, therefore, it could be recommended that beekeeper must be trained to expose his rearing queens in the breeding time to the magnetic field to increase the ability of queens and workers to avoid the bad effects of these radiationsEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880913420201213Pollen Spectrum and Foraging Plants for the Red Dwarf Bee in Jordan23924513168410.21608/eajbsa.2020.131684ENSalah H.RatebPlant Protection Department, Fac. of Agric., Assiut Univ., EGYPTN.HaddadHead of Beekeeping Dept., Res. and Administration, Nat. Centre, Ministry of Agric., Jordan.M. H.HusseinPlant Protection Department, Fac. of Agric., Assiut Univ., EGYPTJournal Article20200916Pollen spectrum of honey, and pollen content of the honey sac of the red dwarf honeybee (<em>Apis florea</em> F.), which was discovered recently in Jordan, were studied. Pollen diversity and pollen density in these samples, which were collected from two sites in Jordan, were investigated. A total of 4399 pollen grains were counted and classified in the honey of <em>A. florea</em>. 2667 pollen grains, or 60.63% of total pollen, were obtained from <em>Centaurea hylolepis</em> Bioss.<em>,</em> which is considered to be the Dominant Pollen (DP), and the studied honey was monofloral. About 1541 pollen grains, or 35.03% of the total, were collected from Family Caryophyllacea and considered to be a Secondary Pollen (SP) source. <em>Cardania draba</em> (L.) was considered a Minor Pollen (MP) source with 2.07% abundance, followed by <em>Ecualyptus</em> sp. (0.68%); <em>Acacia cyanophylla</em> Lindl. (0.59%); <em>Leopoldia desirticola</em> (Rech.f.) Feinbrun (0.48%); <em>Salvia lonigera</em> Poir. (0.39%); and <em>Sambucus racemosa</em> L. (0.14%). The plant diversity or number of plant species foraged by small bees was eight. While the plant diversity in honey sac content of the small bee from another site, El-Akaba, was nine. <em>Centaurea </em>sp.<em>, Echinops</em> sp. and <em>Erodium</em> sp. were considered as Secondary Pollen (SP) sources, with percent abundances of 33.99, 23.60% and 16.23%, respectively. The following Important Minor Pollen sources (IMP) and their (abundance %) and classification were as follows: <em>Asphodelus</em> sp. (6.96%); <em>Phoenix</em> sp. (5.94%); and <em>Rubus</em> sp. (5.66%). Minor Pollen (MP) sources were: <em>Diplotaxis</em> sp. (1.6%); <em>Ecobllium</em> sp. (1.16%) and <em>Sencio</em> sp. (0.16%).Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880913420201214Susceptibility of Certain Egyptian Wheat Cultivars to Greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (Homoptera: Aphididae) Infestation24725713224610.21608/eajbsa.2020.132246ENMegahed, M. M.M.Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptHamzah, M.KamelPlant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20200918The greenbug (<em>Schizaphis graminum</em>) (Homoptera: Aphididae) is a major aphid species attacking cereal crops and responsible for viral disease transmission of the plant. Host plant resistance is a strong pillar in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) for reducing the damage of this pest. This study was carried out at Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt during 2019-2020 to study the susceptibility of five Egyptian wheat cultivars (Beni Suef 5, Gimmiza 11, Giza 168, Misr 1 and Sids 12) to greenbug infestation. The results indicated that in the host preference (free choose) experiment, Sids 12 cultivar was resistant (R) against aphid, while Giza 168 and Misr 1 were moderately resistant (MR) cultivars, on contrast Beni Suef 5 and Gimmiza 11 were susceptible (S) for aphid infestation. The nymphs fed on Beni Suef 5 cultivar had significantly shorter developmental time (7.6 days), highest survival (96.1%) and shorter adult longevity (9.7 days) with average offspring 45.8 aphids/ female, than other four wheat cultivars, while nymphs reared on Sids 12 had significantly longest developmental time (9.2 days), lowest survival (86.3%) and longest adult longevity (12.2 days) with average offspring 31.4 aphids/female. Feedingof <em>S. graminum</em> on tested wheat cultivars leaves significantly reduces the growth parameters (shoot length, wet and dry weights) and photosynthetic pigments content. Results from this study are important for plant breeding programs that have the objective of producing aphid resistant cultivars.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880913420201217Study the Effect of Treated Strawberry Seedlings by Triacontanol Hormone (TRIA) on the Infestation by Myzus persicae (Sulzer) under Glasshouse Conditions25926613237010.21608/eajbsa.2020.132370ENEmam A.SPlant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Giza, 12618 EgyptSamia, M.AbozeidPlant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Giza, EgyptMarwa, M.MousaPlant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Giza, EgyptSamira, M. N.Abd-El WahedPlant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20200920This study was carried out to study the effect of treated strawberry plants, <em>Fragaria ananassa</em> (L.) by Triacontanol Hormone (TRIA) "three concentrations" on the infestation by <em>Myzus persicae</em> (Sulzer) under glasshouse conditions. Experiments were done in two locations (Governorates), Nobariya (Behera Governorate) and Perkash (Giza Governorate) during season 2019/2020. Three treatments (concentrations) of Triacontanol Hormone were done in both two locations, small concentration (35ppm), medium concentration (50ppm) and high concentration (65ppm), besides the fourth treatment which did not treat with any hormone (control).<br /> Strawberry plants were treated with small concentration of (TRIA) (35ppm) were lower infestation by <em>M. persicae</em> comparing to control. While strawberry plants which treated with medium concentration of (TRIA) (50ppm) had no clear effect on the infestation by <em>M. persicae</em> comparing to control. On the other hand, strawberry plants which treated with high concentration of (TRIA) (65ppm) were higher infestation by the same insect comparing to control.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880913420201230Efficacy of Partially Purified Soybean Protease Inhibitor on The Development of Cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Bosid.)26727413947410.21608/eajbsa.2020.139474ENKholoud, A.E.IbrahimDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Egypt, Cairo
11566 EgyptZahia, K.MoustafaDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Egypt, Cairo
11566 EgyptSondos, A.E.MouhamedPlant Protection Research Center, Giza, Egypt, CairoDalia MohamadMahmoudDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Egypt, Cairo0000-0001-6485-5495Journal Article20201009Plant protease inhibitors) PIs) are one of the plant strategies to maintain favorable growth and survival. Soybean trypsin inhibitor is the most well-known of the plant serine proteinase. The present study aims to detect the inhibitory activity of two concentrations of partially purified trypsin inhibitors from seeds of soybean(Glycine max). Comparing the results of feeding larvae on partially purified soybean inhibitors with control, revealed that the larval weight reduction caused by soybean PI was noticed after seven days of treatment. The highest larval weight reduction was obtained due to treatment with SPI at levels SPI 30% and SPI 60%, and there was no significant difference between the two levels. Feeding larvae on SPI 60% caused higher larval mortality about 20% than the control followed by SPI 30% which caused 16% larval mortality. The pupation in treated larvae was delayed two days by comparing to control. The highest weight reduction in pupal weight was 3.5± 0.3 gm at SPI 60% compared with control. Besides, the pupation rate decreased from 83% at SPI 60% to 80% at SPI 30%. Also, the reduction in adult emergency % was recorded at SPI level 30% by 41% and at SPI level 60% by 16% compared with the control. Results reveal that soybean protease inhibitors inhibit the growth and development of <em>S. littoralis</em>, and may be used in integrated pest control strategies.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880913420201230Microbial Stress Resistance of Eristalis tenax Rat-Tailed Maggots27528216702210.21608/eajbsa.2020.167022ENOmnia A.AbassDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptAsmaa A.HaggagDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptRawda M.BadawyDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptEman E.EssaDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20201011The maggots of the drone fly <em>Eristalis tenax</em> (Diptera) have survived in habitats with extreme microbial contamination. Despite this polluted environment, they avoid infection by microorganisms. We have investigated the first physical barrier, the cuticle surface of <em>E. tenax </em>maggots<em> </em>collected from Alakrasha dain, Egypt, using scanning electron microscopy which revealed an array of high density and dimensions of nano and microstructures that narrow to sharp points appear to make it difficult for bacteria to colonize its surface which interferes with the formation of biofilms and potentially acts as a defense against bacterial infection. This investigation leading us to more examine the antibacterial properties of the whole maggot extract naturally without any previous simulation, the results were promising against <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>ATCC 6538, <em>Staphylococcus mutans</em> ATCC 25175, <em>Escherichia coli</em> ATCC 25922, <em>Salmonella enterica</em> Serotype Typhimurium ATCC 14028 bacteria compared to Nitrofurantoin antibiotic. Such antibacterial properties of both the maggot cuticle surface and the whole maggot extract have applications in many different fields, including antibacterial surfaces and biofilms besides the future isolating and developing of antimicrobial peptides from the maggot crude extract which could be a breakthrough against antibiotic resistance.