Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880911220180301Toxicity And Physiological Activity of Methoprene, A Juvenile Hormone Analog, Against Development and Metamorphosis of The Grey Flesh Fly, Parasarcophaga argyrostoma (Robineau- Desvoidy)(Diptera: Sarcophagidae).1271178710.21608/eajb.2018.11787ENRedaBakr1Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptMuhammadTananiDepartment of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20180219The grey flesh fly <em>Parasarcophaga argyrostoma</em> plays a role in human cutaneous wounds and eye myiasis and it is also known as parasitoid of various animals. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Methoprene on survival, development and metamorphosis of this fly species. Five dose levels (10.0, 5.0, 1.0, 0.1 and 0.01µg/larva) of Methoprene was topically applied onto the early last instar larvae and prepupae. Methoprene exhibited larvicidal, pupicidal and adulticidal activities against <em>P. argyrostoma</em>. LD<sub>50</sub> values were found 0.155 and 0.258 µg/insect after topical treatment of early last instar larvae and prepupae, respectively. The maximal body weight of treated larvae was considerably decreased. The duration of treated larvae was prolonged. The coefficient of growth of treated larvae was depressed. The pupal duration was remarkably prolonged. Some larval-pupal intermediates had been produced, only at the higher two doses. Topical treatment of prepupae only with the lower two doses induced a state of 'permanent prepupae'. The treated last instar larvae pupated in regressed rate. The pupation rate was slightly regressed after topical treatment of prepupae only with the lower two doses. The adult emergence of flies was completely blocked after topical treatment of either the early last instar larvae or prepupae with the highest dose of Methoprene. At other dose levels, the adult eclosion of flies was partially blocked. Different percentages of deformed pupaeand adults were recorded.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880911220180301Changes in Vitellogenic Proteins During The Reproductive Cycle of The Female Tick, Argas persicus29401179410.21608/eajb.2018.11794ENNadiaHelmyDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams UniversityNawal M.ShanbakyDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams UniversityWafaa A.RadwanDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams UniversityReda F.A.Bakr1- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University
2- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science , University of Bisha, Bisha ,KSA.Dalia A.M.SalemDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams UniversityAmira E.Abd El HamidDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams UniversityJournal Article20180220Proteins in the freshly deposited eggs of mated fed female <em>Argas persicus</em> were electrophoretically separated into twelve fractions or egg vitellins (EVts) with Mwt of 24.72-131.45kD. One fraction (131.45kD) existed only in the egg and eleven were exogenous EVts with extraovarian counterparts (vitellogenins) in the hemolymph (HL). Six of them were common EVts (24.72-65.53kD) with similar counterparts in the HL of both male and female and five were female-specific EVts (78.65-112.92 and 48.67kD) with similar counterparts only in the female HL.
Eleven vitellogenins (Vgs) and ten exogenous vitellins (Vts) with similar electrophoretic mobilities to EVts were identified in the HL and ovaries, respectively, of mated females. The number and percent amount of the detected vitellogenic protein fractions varied in the different physiological states (10) studied (unfed, 0-7 and 20 day after feeding, daf). Generally, there was an increase of the two parameters in ovary vitellin fractions (with appearance of new Vts) and a decrease in HL vitellogenin fractions during vitellogenesis at the late period of the female reproductive cycle (4-7 and 20 daf).
The obtained results support the concept of the uptake of hemolymph Vgs by the ovaries and deposition as Vts in the oocytes during vitellogenesis which may extend till the end of the oviposition period (20 daf) in the female <em>A.persicus</em>.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880911220180301Seasonal Occurrence of Fruit Flies and Their Infestation Rates on Pomegranate Fruits at Assuit and Fayoum Governorates41541180010.21608/eajb.2018.11800ENAmira A. K. H.NegmPlant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptNashat A.AliPlant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptAli A.AminPlant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20180225The peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders), and the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedmann) are harmful tephritid insects that infesting the Egyptian fruits. This study was conducted to determine the occurrence and damage rates of these fruit flies on pomegranate fruits at Assuit and Fayoum governorates under various cultivated types of mixed-host or aggregated orchards. Moreover, the study extended to estimate some biological aspects of B. zonata rearing on pomegranate fruits under laboratory conditions. At Assuit governorate, the highest peak of B. zonata and C. capitata populations were observed during the 3rd week of October and 4th week of October with means of 2.33 and 9.13 flies/trap/week on the mixed-host orchards, respectively, while, on the pomegranate aggregated orchards, the highest peak of B. zonata and C. capitata populations were observed during the 4th week of October and 3rd week of November with means of 3.42 and 3.17flies/trap/week, respectively. At Fayoum governorate, the highest peak of B. zonata and C. capitata populations were observed during the 2nd and 4th weeks of October with means of 10.17 and 8.17 flies/trap/week on the mixed-host orchards, respectively, while, on the pomegranate aggregated orchards, the highest peak of B. zonata and C. capitata populations were observed during the 4th week of September with means of 7.67 and 1.83 flies/trap/week, respectively. At the mixed-host orchards of Assuit, the infestation percentages averaged7.39,9.15 and 5.65% for Manfaloti, Baladi and Nab Al-Jaml varieties, respectively, while, on the aggregated orchards, the infestation percentages averaged 2.17, 5.45 and 6.04%, respectively for the same varieties. At Fayoum, the infestation percentagesaveraged6.40, 7.96 and 6.25% for Manfaloti, Baladi and Wonderful varieties, respectively on the mixed-host orchards, while, on the aggregated orchards, Baladi variety fruits were only infested with a mean percentage of 6.42%.Under laboratory conditions, B. zonata females were capable to attack pomegranate fruits that were in healthy state or that were wounded, while, C. capitata females failed to attack the healthy fruits and succeeded to infest only the wounded fruits of both two tested varieties. Also, a significant difference was observed among the mean no. of obtained pupae/ infested fruits of various pomegranate varieties after exposing to fertile females of B. zonata which may due to the significant difference among thier fruit firmness. The shortest and longest duration of total immature stages averaged 21.17 and 23.36 days on the Baladi and Taefi fruits, respectively. Despite the limited occurrence of both fruit flies and the low infestation rates, the study suggested that attention should be paid against pomegranate orchards by application of control procedures for avoiding rebuilding new generations of both fruit flies that could attack the successive ripe crops.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880911220180301Effect of Certain Physico-Chemical Parameters on the Population Dynamics of Mosquito Larvae and their Correlation with Infected Regions of Filariasis in Alkorin Village, Sharkia Governorate (Egypt)55621180410.21608/eajb.2018.11804ENArafa N.El-NaggarDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptShereen S M.ElbannaDepartment of Geology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptMona F.KaiserDepartment of Geology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptRefaat M.GabreDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, EgyptJournal Article20180301Different watercourses act as breeding habitats for mosquito larvae, thus responsible for the spread of certain diseases. This study examined the effect of certain physico-chemical parameters (temperature, turbidity, pH and salinity) on the population dynamics of mosquito larvae dispersed in the infected regions by filariasis in Alkorin village, Sharkia, Egypt during 2015 and 2016. Larval density index (LDI) was used to examine the population dynamics of mosquito larvae distributed in the studied areas (27 sites in 6 watercourses). During the study, LDI of <em>Culex pipiens pipiens</em> was the highest percentage (76.4%). Meanwhile, LDI for other mosquito larval species were (12%, 7%, 3%, 1% and 0.6%) for (<em>Cx. antennatus, Cx. perexigus, Cx. pusillus, Cx. univittatus and Cx. sinaiticus</em>), respectively. The maximum rate of LDI for <em>Cx. pipiens</em> larvae was observed in autumn 2015 at all the sampling sites and a significant positive correlation of temperature and turbidity with the larval population (P < 0.05) was achieved. Salinity and pH had no significant effects (P > 0.05) on the larval distributions of different species.The present data may be concluded that the high LDI of <em>Cx. pipiens</em> is an interpretation for the transmission of filarial diseases in Alkorin village, Sharkia, Egypt.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880911220180301Field Evaluation of Some Microbial and Chemical Insecticides in Controlling Pachyzancla licarsicalis (Walk.) Lepidoptera: Pyralidae on Paspalum vagenatom Turf grass63701189410.21608/eajb.2018.11894ENHassan M.I.Plant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Giza, 12618 EgyptEmam A.SPlant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Giza, 12618 EgyptGamila A.M.HeikalPlant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Giza, 12618 EgyptJournal Article20180301Insecticides; Lanet, Chlorofos and microbial insecticide <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em> (Dipel 2X) at the recommended rates of application were evaluated for controlling on the larvae of <em>Pachyzancla licarsicalis</em> (Walk.) infesting <em>Paspalum Vagenatom</em> turf grass. Efficacy of different compound on the larvae of <em>P. licarsicalis</em> infesting <em>P. Vagenatom</em> turf grass. The data present indicated obviously the effectiveness of the used chemical insecticides (Lanet, Chlorofos) and microbial insecticide (Dipel 2X) on the population density reduction of <em>P. licarsicalis</em> Larvae on <em>P. Vagenatom</em> turf grass. Treatments were applied 5 times at Nasr City – Cairo Governorate during 2017 season and 5 times also in Smart Village at 6 October City – Giza Governorate during the same season 2017 to induce a perfect control of the <em>P. licarsicalis</em> and protect the plants for longer periods. Lanet was the most effective insecticide, recording the highest reduction percentages in Nasr City after 21 days and in Smart Village after 21 days post-initial application too (76.56 and 83.81%, respectively). Also in both Nasr City Cairo Governorate and Smart Village Giza Governorate Dipel was the least tested recording reduction percentages (58.33% and 78.75%), respectively after 21 days of the application. All compounds were differed significantly than control and not exhibited any phytotoxicity on <em>P. Vagenatom</em> leaves.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880911220180301Scanning Electron Microscopic Studies of the Sting Apparatus of Honeybee, (Apis mellifera) (Hymenoptera, Apidae).71801189510.21608/eajb.2018.11895ENDarwish A. A.MDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, El Mansoura University, EgyptElmesiery M.A.Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, El Mansoura University, EgyptMansour H. A.M.Department of Apiculture, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.Konper H. M.A.Department of Apiculture, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20180302The structure of different parts of the stinging apparatus of honeybee<em>Apis mellifera</em>was studied by scanning electron microscope in adult foraging workers for the first time. We reveal the association of the setaceous sheath and the alarm scent as it is due to the presence of the newly discovered Egypty gland.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880911220180301Land Equivalent Ratio (LER), and Competition Indices in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) – Sesame (Sesamum indicum) Intercropping System81881189610.21608/eajb.2018.11896ENH. R.DonyavianCotton Research institute of Iran. Gorgan. ShahidbeheshtiY.RaiiUniversity of Tabriz. Department of AgronomyM.JokarCotton Research institute of Iran. Gorgan. Shahidbeheshti.Journal Article20180302Cotton (<em>Gossypium hirsutum</em>) and sesame (<em>Sesamum indicum</em>) are two major crops in Islamic Republic of IRAN. In the northeast of IRAN, most farmers' landholdings are less than 5 hectares; therefore cotton production cost is high. Agricultural experts suggest that one method for improving productivity is intercropping system. This research was done to study advantages or disadvantages of intercropping of cotton and sesame through investigation of Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) and competition indices. The experiment was conducted during 2015 growing seasons in Cotton Research Institute (C.R.I.). It was included a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications. Treatments were intercropping patterns of cotton (c) and sesame (s) (1c:1c, 1c:2s, 2c:1s, 3c:1s, 1c:3s, sole cotton, sole sesame). Substitution method of intercropping was done. Land Equivalent Ratio (LER), Relative Crowding Coefficient (k), Aggressivity (A), Competitive Ratio (CR), Actual Yield Loss (AYL), and Relative Value Total (RVT) were evaluated. Results revealed that, Land Equivalent Ratio (LER), Relative Crowding coefficient (K), Aggressivity (A), Competitive Ratio (CR) values of cotton generally were more than sesame. Planting cotton in intercropping with sesame had a higher monetary profitability too. In this study the best intercropping pattern for acquiring a highest Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) and monetary profitable was (3:1). Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880911220180301Effect of Some Soybean Varieties on Biological Aspects and Fecundity of The Two Spotted Spider Mite , Tetranychus urticae Koch ( Acari: Tetranychidae)89941189710.21608/eajb.2018.11897ENSeham A.Ezz El-DeinPlant Protection Res. Inst.( A.R.C.) Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20180405 Biological and fecundity of the two spotted spider mite, <em>Tetranychus urticae</em> Koch reared on three soybean varieties: Giza 111, Giza 83 and Giza 22 were evaluated under laboratory conditions of 25±1 oC and 65± 5% R. H. The developmental times from egg to adult stage ranged from 14.15 to 11.4 days on Giza111 and Giza83 varieties, while, on Giza22 variety it lasted 10.10 days for female, while, the male life cycle stayed 12.3, 10.2 and 9.3 days, when, fed on the same soybean varieties. Female longevity was differed among the tested soybean varieties whereas, it lasted 10.90, 9.15 and 9.45 days when fed on, Giza111, Giza83, and Giza22 varieties of soybean , respectively. The tested soybean varieties greatly affected fecundity, female deposited of the reared mite , where the maximum number of laid eggs were registered on Giza22 variety ( 45.50 egg), while, the least number of laid eggs of the spider mite, <em>T. urticae</em> was observed on Giza111 variety( 34.50).Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880911220180301A New List to the Entomofauna Associated with Faba Bean, Vicia faba L. (Fabales: Fabaceae) Grown in El-Kharga Oasis, New Valley Governorate, Egypt.951001190110.21608/eajb.2018.11901ENSara T T.Abdel KhalekEntomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams UniversityZahia K.MostafaEntomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University.Heba A. HHassanPlant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre.Marah M.Abd El-BarEntomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams UniversityGawhara M.M.Abu El-HassanEntomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams UniversityJournal Article20180305Survey of the insect pests and their natural enemies associated with faba bean was conducted at El-Kharga Oasis, New Valley Governorate (Egypt) during the months of mid-October to April of 2015 and 2017. In total 15614 insects belonging to 7 orders and 16 families were collected and identified. The most abundant orders were Hymenoptera (7 families) and followed by Hemiptera (3 families). The most common pest species were cowpea aphid, <em>Aphis carccivora </em>Koch, leafhoppers, <em>Empoasca</em> sp., and black cutworm, <em>Agrotis</em><em> ipsilon </em>(Huf.) Beneficial insects collected included several predatory families (Coccinelidae, Chrysopidae and Sphecidae) but only low numbers of parasitoids (Pteromalidae) and pollinators (Apidae and Halictidae). The results of this study represent an important baseline data for the design and implementation of strategies for faba bean protection in Egypt.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880911220180301Effect of Certain Weather Factors and Some Natural Enemies on The Population Densities of Four Piercing-Sucking Insects on The Cotton Crop at Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate1011111190510.21608/eajb.2018.11905ENSomaa H.M.H.Plant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptKhalil A.E.H.Plant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptEl-Sarand, E.A.Plant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20180305The effect of prevailing weather factors (mean daily of temperature, relative humidity and wind speed) and some natural enemies (six insect predators were recorded; <em>Coccinella undecimpunctata, </em>L.; <em>Scymnus interruptus </em>Goez.; <em>Paederus alfierii</em> Koch, <em>Syrphus </em>spp., <em>Orius</em> spp. and <em>Chrysoperlla carnea</em> (Steph.) on the population densities of the cotton aphid (<em>Aphis gossypii</em> Glover), whitefly (<em>Bemisia tabaci</em> (Genn.), Jassids (<em>Empoasca </em>spp.) and green stink bug (<em>Nezara viridula</em> (L.)), during 2016 to 2017 cotton growing seasons was studied at the Farm of Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate. Results revealed that:
1. The initial infestation cotton aphid on cotton plants appeared in the second week of July of 2016 and 2017 seasons (12<sup>th</sup> and 11<sup>th</sup> of July of the two seasons, respectively) and had three peaks of population activity of both seasons of the long period of 12<sup>th</sup> of July till the 20<sup>th</sup> of September of the first season, and 11<sup>th</sup> of July till the 26<sup>th</sup> of September of the second season. The aphid population density was affected positive significantly (0.498*) in the first season and unsignificantly (0.310) in the second season by the temperature. Whereas, the relative humidity was affected positive unsignificantly in both seasons (0.375 and 0.320), respectively, but the effect by the wind speed was negative and highly significant in the two seasons 2016 and 2017 (-0.582** and 0.710**), respectively. The effect by the insect predators on the population density of <em>A. gossypii</em> were positive and highly significant correlations recorded in both seasons were (0.587** and 0.620**), respectively.
2. The cotton whitefly began to appear on cotton leaves at 28<sup>th</sup> of June of both seasons and had four peaks of population activity of both seasons, of the long period of 28<sup>th</sup> of June till the 4<sup>th</sup> of October in the first season and 28<sup>th</sup> of June till the end of the second season (24<sup>th</sup> of October). The whitefly population density was affected positive highly significant (0.727**) in the first season, and unsignificantly (0.383) in the second season by the temperature. Whereas, the relative humidity was affected positive unsignificantly (0.378) in the first season and significant (0.490*) in the second season, but the affected by the wind speed was unsignificantly positive and negative (0.090 and -0.280) in the 2016 and 2017 seasons, respectively. The effect by the insect predators on the population density of <em>B. tabaci</em> were positive and significant correlations recorded in both seasons were (0.505* and 0.470*), respectively.
3. The cotton jassids began to appear on cotton leaves at 30<sup>th</sup> of May and 6<sup>th</sup> of June in the two seasons, respectively, and had five peaks of population activity in 2016 season of the long period of 30<sup>th</sup> of May till the 27<sup>th</sup> of September and six peaks in 2017 season of the long period of 6<sup>th</sup> of June till the end of the season (24<sup>th</sup> of October). The relationship between the temperature and the population density of this insect was positive and highly significant (0.713**) in the first season, and unsignificant (0.420) in the second season. So, the effect by the relative humidity on the population density of jassids was positive and unsignificant (0.221 and 0.400) in both seasons, respectively. While, the wind speed was positively insignificantly and negatively significantly (0.298 and -0.490*) with insect numbers in 2016 and 2017 seasons, respectively. While the effect by the insect predators on the population density of <em>Empoasca </em>spp. were positive and significant correlations recorded in both seasons were (0.485* and 0.510*), respectively.
4. The green stink bug began to appear on cotton leaves at 14<sup>th</sup> and 13<sup>th</sup> of June in the 2016 and 2017 seasons, respectively, and had three peaks of both seasons of the long period of 14<sup>th</sup> of June till 18<sup>th</sup> of October in the first season and 13<sup>th</sup> of June till 17<sup>th</sup> of October of the second season. The population density of this insect on cotton plants was affected negatively and unsignificantly (-0.086 and 0.180) in both seasons by the temperature, respectively. But, the relative humidity had unsignificantly positive and negative (0.021 and -0.060) in both seasons, respectively. While, the effect of the wind speed was negative and unsignificantly (-0.237 and -0.080) in both seasons, respectively. The population density of <em>N. viridula</em> on cotton plants was affected by the insect predators were positive and significant correlations recorded in both seasons were (0.515* and 0.499*), respectively. Study the effect of abiotic and naturally occurring biotic factors on seasonal population fluctuations of insect pests, this factors to played the main factor in the evolution and distribution of this insect pest.