Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88096320131201Synergistic effect of gamma radiation and entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae on the humoral immune enzyme response in cotton leaf worm Spodoptera littolaris (Boisd).1101322110.21608/eajbsa.2013.13221ENGabartyA.Department of Natural Products Research, National Center For Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, EgypEl-Sonbaty S.M.Department of Microbiology Research, National Center For Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt;Ibrahim A.A.Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, EgyptJournal Article20180910The present study was carried out to investigate the efficancy of substerilizing doses of gamma irradiation or/ and entomopathogenic fungi <em>Beauveria bassiana </em>and<em> Metarhizium anisopliae</em> on the humoral immune enzyme response of <em>Spodoptera littolaris</em> larvae. It was found that gamma irradiation of male pupae (50,100&150 Gy) decreases the humoral immune enzyme activity (phenoloxidase, prophenoloxidase, lysozyme) and protein concentration compared to the control of the 6<sup>th</sup> instar larvae <em>S. littolaris</em>. Injecting of Lc<sub>50</sub> concentration of both <em>B. bassiana </em>(0.4x10<sup>5</sup>sp/µl) and <em>M. anisopliae</em> (8x10<sup>8</sup>sp/µl) to the last 5<sup>th</sup> instar larvae of <em>S. littolaris </em>were significantly increased phenoloxidase, prophenoloxidase, lysozym activities and protein concentration after one day, however, they were significantly declined on the second, third and fourth days and remained at a level lower than that of the controls. Both gamma irradiation and entomopathogenic fungi (<em>B. bassiana</em> and <em>M.anisopliae</em>) significantly decreased the immune enzyme activity and protein concentration (p≤ 0.05) after 2, 3 & 4 days. However, this decrease was remarkable in the larvae of irradiated males’pupae (100Gy) which were injected with entomopathogenic fungi. In conclusion, gamma radiation and tested entomopathogenic fungi synergistically inhibitthe immune system of <em>Spodopteralittolaris</em> larvae.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88096320131201Arthropod diversity associated with infestation spots of fig tree borer under rain-fed conditions of Maged valley, Matrouh, Egypt11191322410.21608/eajbsa.2013.13224ENImam A.I.Plant Protection Department, Desert Research Center, Mataria, Cairo, EgyptRabab F.SawabyEntomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20180910Fig orchards (beside olive ones) constitute the main agriculture component along the Egyptian north western coast. Fig tree borer; <em>Trichoferus</em> <em>gracious </em>(Fabricius, 1792) (Order: Coleoptera, Family: Cerambicidae) considers as one of the highest dangerous pests attacking fig tree. Through regarding arthropod diversity associated with infestation spots of <em>T</em>. <em>gracious</em>, obtained data showed that, recovered species were belonged to 9 orders. Among them, order Coleoptera was the highest represented, which repeated 18 times throughout the whole investigation period. Total numbers of detected species were 20 ones, from which coleopteran and hymenopteran species occupied the maximum share by 7 species for each order. Recovered individuals were represented by 154 ones. Among them coleopteran individuals with 46 total detected ones came on the top of the list. Among such arthropods, beneficial species was of higher dominance and abundance than herbivorous ones. Although data revealed that, <em>T</em>. <em>griseus</em> was of low dominance and abundance percentages, it was the only primary herbivorous species that responsible for opening the way for the other herbivores ones to perform their damages.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88096320131201Comparative study on the Efficacy of Agrotis segetum Granulosis virus (AgseGVEG) against Agrotis ipsilon under semi-field conditions21301322510.21608/eajbsa.2013.13225ENMagdaKhattabPlant Protection Research Institute, ARC, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
Department of Cutworms and Mole CricketJournal Article20180910The present work was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of <em>Agrotis segetum</em> granulosis virus (<em>Agse</em>GV<sup>EG</sup>) against <em>Agrotis ipsilon</em> larvae in semi-field experiments using spray and wheat bran bait method. A Fluorescent brightener (Tinopal UNPA-GX) was added for enhancement of <em>Agrotis segetum</em> granulosis virus (<em>Agse</em>GV<sup>EG</sup>). Results showed that, addition of F. brightener 1% to <em>Agse</em>GV<sup>EG</sup> suspension using surface contamination technique of semi synthetic diet increased the susceptibility of 3<em><sup>rd</sup></em> and 4<em><sup>th</sup></em> instars of <em>A. ipsilon</em> larvae; the LC<sub>50</sub> was 2.08×10<sup>8</sup> OB / ml and 6.10×10<sup>8</sup> OB/ml, respectively. The LT<sub>50 </sub>values of <em>Agse</em>GV<sup>EG </sup>(9.07×10<sup>10</sup> OB/ml) +F. brightener 1% was7.67 and 7.85 days for 3<em><sup>rd</sup></em> and 4<em><sup>th</sup></em> instars. In addition, semi-field conditions, F. brightener 1% as sun screen enhanced <em>Agse</em>GV<sup>EG</sup> persistence on Cotton foliage after spray, the calculated lethal inactivation median time for 50 % reduction in virulence (lethal median inactivation time, LIT<sub>50</sub>) for 2<em><sup>nd</sup></em> instar larvae was0.97 or 2.27 days for virus alone-treatment and <em>Agse</em>GV+ F. brightener additive, respectively. The calculated potency value for F. brightener was 2.335 Fold.
Mixture of <em>Agse</em>GV<sup>EG</sup>+ F. brightener 1% in bran bait formulation increased mortality% of <em>A. ipsilon</em> in two concentrations of <em>Agse</em>GV<sup>EG</sup> (9.07×10<sup>9</sup> and 9.07×10<sup>8 </sup>OB/ ml) + F. brightener 1% and decreased the number of cut cotton plants infested with 3<em><sup>rd</sup></em> instar larvae of <em>A. ipsilon</em> compared to untreated control.
The damage reduction to Cotton seedlings with <em>A. ipsilon</em>, was 83.33% and 70% for 3<sup>rd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> instars larvae, respectively, in the <em>Agse</em>GV<sup>EG</sup> (9.07×10<sup>9</sup> OB/ml) + F. brightener 1% compared to control.
In conclusion in both spray and bran tested treatments larvae infected with <em>Agse</em>GV<sup>EG</sup>+ F. brightener 1% died more rapidly than those infected with <em>Agse</em>GV<sup>EG</sup> alone ; indicating that <em>Agse</em>GV<sup>EG</sup> appears to have better potential as a control agent for <em>A. ipsilon</em> by adding enhancement additive.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88096320131201Method For Mass Production the Seven Spotted Lady Beetle, Coccinella Septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Suitable Manupulation of Egg Picking Technique31381322710.21608/eajbsa.2013.13227ENJazem A.MahyoubDepartment of Biological Science, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, KSAAshraf A. H.MangoudPlant Protection Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Giza 12618, EgyptKH. M.AL-GhamdiDepartment of Biological Science, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, KSAHamedGhramhDepartment of Biological Science King Khaled University, Abha, KSAJournal Article20180910The seven-spotted ladybird, <em>Coccinella septempunctata</em> (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is considered one of the most important predatory coccinellid in Egypt. Poor data are available regarding the biology and mass rearing of this predator in Egypt<strong>. </strong>Both larvae and adults of C. <em>septempunctata</em> fed on Bean Aphid (<em>Aphis</em> <em>fabae</em>), the adults laid their eggs in clusters, the total numbers of clusters eggs per female ranged from 1 to 25. The sex ratio 1:1. Longevity of female predator ranged from 21 to 26 days, while that of male predators ranged from 24 to 29 days. The incubation period ranged from 2 to 3 days. The larva of <em>C. septempunctata</em> passes through four instars. The average number of aphids consumed by each of the four instar larva are 35, 63, 96, and 290, respectively, under laboratory conditions. The total developmental period of the predator occupied from16 to 21 days under the constant conditions of 23 ± 2ºC and 60 ± 5 RH%.
A new method for <em>C. septempunctata</em> egg manipulation was developed which consists of a plastic cylindrical puts inside the rearing cages to lay eggs in it and after laying eggs-masses transferred to a separated machine to separate the egg-masses from the cylindrical plastic and to be ready to stick on the card to release.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88096320131201Diversity of arthropod harbored Mitnan, Thymelaea hirsute, shrub under rain-fed conditions of Habbes valley, Matrouh, Egypt39471322910.21608/eajbsa.2013.13229ENImam A.I.Plant Protection Department, Desert Research Center, Mataria, Cairo, EgyptRabab F.SawabyEntomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20180910<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Mitnan</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">,<em> Thymelaea</em> <em>hirsute </em>(L.), </span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">is one of the abundantly distributed endemic shrubs<br />in Matrouh's valleys. It acts as an alternative host for a vast range of<br />arthropod species that may cause great damage for the economic cultivations. So<br />the present work was carried out to study the arthropod diversity harbored Mitnan<br />shrub. The collected species were belonging to 8 orders </span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">among which, order Hemiptera was the highest<br />represented one, followed by Thysnoptera, Scorpions, Hymenoptera and<br />Lepidoptera, respectively</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">.</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> While, orders Diptera, Collembola and<br />Coleoptera showed the lowest representation. Scouting process using the direct<br />count method showed the surpassing of both species and individuals of the order<br />Hemiptera with higher representation of herbivorous individuals than beneficial<br />ones. Among arthropod species that recovered by sweeping net method,<br />Hymenopterous ones came on the top of the list, whereas swept individuals<br />showed that, dipterous species that belonged to family Cecidomyiidae came<br />firstly by 6 total collected individuals. During the context of this study, the<br />olive scale insect; <em>Parlatoria</em> <em>oleae</em> (Colvée) was recorded for<br />the first time on Mitnan. Calculated diversity indices exhibited that,<br />arthropod community harbored Mitnan shrub had high species richness (14), but as<br />it was dominated by 3 species so that the diversity of this community is<br />moderate</span>Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88096320131201Pear psylla Cacopsylla bidens (Šulc, 1907): a new pest on pear trees in Egypt (Hemiptera: Psylloidea)49521323310.21608/eajbsa.2013.13233ENMohamed G.H.Plant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, Giza 12618, EgyptOuvrardDDepartment of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UKFatma A.MoharumPlant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, Giza 12618, EgyptJournal Article20180910<em><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Cacopsylla bidens</span></em><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> (Šulc, 1907), feeding on pear trees, is recorded for<strong><br /></strong>the first time in Egypt.<br />A short taxonomic presentation of the species is given, as well as some<br />elements of biology.</span>Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88096320131201Key to the Families of scale insects in Egypt (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea)53581323610.21608/eajbsa.2013.13236ENZeinat K.MohammadPlant Protection Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture Dokki - Giza - EgyptFatma A.MoharumPlant Protection Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture Dokki - Giza - EgyptJournal Article20180910A key to the famies of super family Coccoidea in Egypt, based on the morphological characters of the adult female, is presented.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88096320131201Effects of pyridalyl and emamectin benzoate on some biological and biochemical parameters of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) and Albino rat.59681323810.21608/eajbsa.2013.13238ENHanan F.Abdel-HafezPlant Prrtection Reasearch Institute, Dokki-Giza, EgyptHanan H.OsmanPlant Prrtection Reasearch Institute, Dokki-Giza, EgyptJournal Article20180910The present investigation aimed to throw light on the efficiency of two novel insecticides, pyridalyl and emamectin benzoate(contact), a semi-synthetic insecticide on two different larval instars (2<sup>nd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup>) of the cotton leafworm, <em>Spodoptera littoralis </em>(Lepidaptera: Noctuidae). Also to study their toxic affects on some biochemical parameters on albino rat. The results clearly showed that pyridalyl was more toxic than emamectin benzoate against the 2<sup>nd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> larval instar according to LC<sub>50 </sub>values after all time post exposure (2, 3, 5 and 7 days). In addition the two tested compound decreased pupal weight, pupation and adult emergence percentages resulted from larvae treated with different concentrations of these insecticides as 2<sup>nd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> larval instars. The present study also animals were treated orally with (1/10 LD<sub>50</sub>) of each compound done by using sixty male adult albino rats were divided into three groups .First group "control" was received distilled water daily, second group were received repeated oral administration of 0.07mg/animal/day of pyridalyl and third group were received repeated oral administration of 2.5 mg/animal / day of emamectin benzante for 28 consecutive days. The results showed that there were significant increases of ALT, AST, urea and creatinine in the treatment of Pyridalyl more than emamectin benzante and control. On the other hand there were significant decreases in protein content in the treatment of Pyridalyl more than E. benzante on comparison with control.
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results indicated the toxic nature of the insecticide pyridalyl is more than E. benzante on <em>Spodoptera littoralis</em> and albino rats so we suggest that usage of E. benzante although it less toxic to save environmentEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88096320131201Effect of certain plant oils on some biological and biochemical aspects on the cotton leaf worm Spodoptera littoralis.69801324110.21608/eajbsa.2013.13241ENHanan S.Abdel-AzizPlant Protection Res. Inst., ARC, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Hanan H.OsmanPlant Protection Res. Inst., ARC, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Samya Z.SayedPlant Protection Res. Inst., ARC, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.El-Gohary E. E.El-GoharyEntomology Department, Faculty of Science Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20180910The latent effects of three plant oils; namely thyme, bitter and neem on certain biological and biochemical parameters of the 6<sup>th</sup> instar larvae of <em> Spodoptera littoralis </em>treated as 2<sup>nd</sup> and 4<sup>th </sup>instars with the LC<sub>50</sub> values of these oils. The results showed that the 2<sup>nd</sup> instars were more susceptible to all the tested oils than the 4<sup>th</sup> instar larvae. All treatments recorded significantly difference in all durations for both 2<sup>nd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> instars. Also, highly significant prolongation in pupal duration and the most prolonged oil was occurred by thyme on the 2<sup>nd</sup> instars, while bitter was more effective on the 4<sup>th</sup> instar larvae. Longevity of both sexes was reduced specially for male moths. No significant reduction was noticed on female longevity as a result of pretreated 2<sup>nd</sup> but significant reduction was recorded for pretreated 4<sup>th</sup> instars especially with thyme. Highly significant reduction in pupal weight produced from the treated 2<sup>nd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> larval instars withthe three products. All oils caused deformations with various degrees for larvae, pupae and adults resulted from the treated 2<sup>nd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> instar larvae. The highest deformations exist in larval-pupa intermediate by thyme as pretreated 2<sup>nd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> of the larval instars. Bitter gave the highest pupal deformation as the pretreated 4<sup>th</sup> instars followed by neem for the 2<sup>nd</sup> and 4<sup>th </sup>instars. Generally, all oils exhibited higher effect on the males. Total malformation during all generation recorded its maximum value with neem treatment as 2<sup>nd</sup> instars then thyme was the most effective in both 4<sup>th</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> of the larval instars followed by bitter. Highly significant stimulation in chitinase and α- & β -esterases activity was recorded with all treatments and the most effective one caused by thyme followed by bitter. Highly significant inhibition in protease activity and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) was attained by (bitter & thyme) and (neem & thyme) oils, respectively. While high significant stimulation was recorded in protease and non significant stimulation of AChE was noticed by neem and bitter, respectively.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88096320131201Effect of infestation with acaridid mite, Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) on germination rate of maize grains81851324310.21608/eajbsa.2013.13243ENAdel M.MostafaPlant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Giza, EgyptE. M.A.YassinPlant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Giza, EgyptY. A.EisaPlant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Giza, EgyptNoura F.Abou El-EnienPlant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20180910The infestation of maize grains with the harmful acarid mite, <em>T. putrescentiae</em> at the laboratory was conducted after 3, 6 and 9 months. The number of normal, abnormal and analyzed maize grains was conducted. The infestation of maize grains with the harmful acarid mite, <em>T. putrescentiae</em> at the laboratory was conducted after 3, 6 and 9 months. The numbers of normal, abnormal and analyzed maize grains were conducted for 50 grains. Generally, it was noticed that the number of normal maize grains increased with decreasing the number of mites infested to grains and also with decreasing the time of infestation, while the number of abnormal maize grains increased with increasing the number of infestation mites and also with increasing the time of exposure to mites<strong>.</strong>