Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88093120100601Seasonal fluctuation of the white peach scale insect, Pseudulacaspis pentagona (Targioni) and its associated parasitoid, Aphytis sp. At Mett-Ghamer, Dakahlyia Governorate, Egypt191520310.21608/eajbsa.2010.15203ENSaber F. M.MousssaPlant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptRawheia H.RamdanBenha University, Fac. Science, Entomology Department, Benha, Qualuobyia, EgyptSahar A.AttiaPlant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20180929Ecological Studies were carried out on the white peach scale insect, <em>Pseudolacaspis pentagona</em> (Targioni) at Meet-Ghamer, Dakahliya Governorate throughout two successive years started from February 1977 till January 1999. The study of the first year showed that the total population of <em>P. pentagona</em> had five peaks recorded on mid February, early of April, July, November 1997 and January 1998. In the second year of investigation, peaks were recorded on mid of March, May, July, early November and mid December 1998. The study clearly showed that the nymphal stage had four high infestation periods through the 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> year of investigation. The same results were recorded for <em>P. pentagona</em> adult females, while results concerning the ovipositing females had a curve of three peaks. The study of seasonal abundance of <em>Aphytis sp</em>. as a mortality biotic factor showed that the total population of <em>Aphytis</em> <em>sp</em>. parasite had five peaks; the first started from early February till early April, the second main peak started from early November 1997 till mid January 1998. In the second year of investigation, the parasitoid total population had a curve of six peaks. On the other hand, the larval stage of <em>Aphytis sp</em>. recorded five annual peaks on early March, mid April, early of June, August 1997 and early January 1998. However, the pupal stage showed low density in compared with the larval stage. The percentage of parasitism of <em>Aphytis sp.</em> immature stage had a curve of five peaks in the two years; the highest one on mid January 1998, 1999 in the first and second year of investigation, respectively.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88093120100601Degree-days units and expected generation numbers of peach fruit fly Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae) under climate change in11191520410.21608/eajbsa.2010.15204ENAlaa A.KhalilThe Central Laboratory for Agriculture climate, Agriculture Res. center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Shaker M.AbolmaatyThe Central Laboratory for Agriculture climate, Agriculture Res. center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Mosad K.HassaneinThe Central Laboratory for Agriculture climate, Agriculture Res. center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Mostafa M.El-MtewallyPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricult. Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Sameh A.MoustafaPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricult. Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20180929Climate change could profoundly affect the status of agricultural insect pests. This study predicts expected peach fruit fly (PFF) annual generations under current and future climate by using the accumulated thermal heat units expressed as degree-days unit (DDU). We evaluated how temperature expected to influence the annual generation numbers in three governorates of Egypt using the climate change data output from the HadCM3 model for A1 scenarios proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Results indicated that PFF in Asyout have the highest number of possible generations as compared to other locations (North Sinai and EL Beheira) under current climate to be 8 compared with 6 and 7 for other locations, respectively. Generation numbers of PFF under climate change conditions would be increased especially in Asyout governorate to 9 and 10 by 2050 and 2100, respectively. However, the expected generation numbers of PFF at 2050 and 2100 will be 8-9 and 9-10 generations per year for other two locations, respectively.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88093120100601Biochemical effects of three commercial formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis (Agerin, Dipel 2X and Dipel DF) on Spodoptera littoralis larvae21291520510.21608/eajbsa.2010.15205ENAida S.KamelBenha Univ. Faculty of Science, Entomol. Dept – Benha- Egypt.Mona F.Abd-EL AzizBenha Univ. Faculty of Science, Entomol. Dept – Benha- Egypt.Nehad M.EL-BarkyBenha Univ. Faculty of Science, Entomol. Dept – Benha- Egypt.Journal Article20180929Effectiveness of commercialformulations of <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em> var Kurstaki "Agerin, Dipel 2X and Dipel DF" on total protein and lipid contents were studied. Activities of detoxification and metabolic enzymes were also measured in treated and control larvae of cotton leafworm <em>Spodoptera littoralis</em>. Collected samples from treated larvae at intervals of 48 and 120 hrs post treatment were analyzed to assess the total protein and lipid contents as well as the enzymes activities. Significant reductions were observed in total protein content at 120 hrs larvae in all treatments compared with control. In all larvae treated with Agerin and Dipel DF the lipid content was significantly elevated after 48 and 120 hrs of treatment while Dipel 2X showed no significant difference in lipid content. However, fluctuated changes in the enzymes activity of treated larvae were found. We conclude that there are differences in biochemical effects between various commercial formulations of <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em> kurstaki. In most cases Agerin was found more effective on <em>S. littoralis</em> than others.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88093120100601Effect of some insecticides on the immature stages of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma evanescens West. (Hym., Trichogrammatidae )31381520610.21608/eajbsa.2010.15206ENMona A.ShoebDepartment of Biological Control. Plant protection Institute, Agric. Res. CentreJournal Article20180929The effect of five insecticides, Profect (w.p.), CAPL- 2, Lambda-cyhalothrin, Spinosad, and Fenitrothion ( Sumithon) on the immature stages of the first and the second generations of the egg parasitoid <em>Trichogramma evanescens </em>was studied in laboratory at 25 ± 1 <sup>0</sup>C, 65± 5% R.H. and 12:12 L:D. The study was carried out on parasitized eggs one, two, four and eight days post parasitism. Results showed that: 1) Longevity of the emerged parasitoid was affected by the tested insecticides. The recorded values of the adult longevity emerged from treated eggs ranged from 12 hrs to 7 days ( for females ) and from 12 hrs to 4 days (for males). Treating eggs with chemical insecticides caused death of the emerged adults within few hours post emergence when the treatment was carried out 4 days post parasitism or one day before adult emergence. 2). The number of host eggs turned to black (the parasitoid larvae developed to pupae) varied according to timing of treatment. 3). Adult emergence rate varied according to the used insecticide, the parasitoid stage and the generation. 4) No parasitoids emerged from parasitized eggs treated with CAPL-2. 5).
There was no emergence for the parasitoid treated with Lambda-cyhalothrin, spinosad, and fenitrothion (Sumithon) one, two or four days after parasitism. However, emergence was recorded with very low percentages when the eggs were treated 24 hrs before parasitoid emergence. 6) Female percentage slightly decreased in the adults emerged from paeasitized eggs treated with chemicals.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88093120100601Host plants, geographical distribution, natural enemies and biological studies of the citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)39471520710.21608/eajbsa.2010.15207ENNoha H.AhmedPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptShaaban M.Abd-RabouPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20180929The citrus mealy bug, <em>Planococcus citri</em><br />(Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is attacks many host plants including all orchard<br />trees in Egypt.<br />The aim of this work is to study the survey of host plants, geographical<br />distribution and natural enemies of the citrus mealy bug, <em>P.citri</em> in Egypt as well<br />as the biological studies of this pest on<br />citrus, grape and guava. The results indicated that the citrus mealy<br />bug infested 65 plant species belonging to 56 genera in 36 families and<br />distributed in 20 governorates. Twelve species of parasitoids were collected<br />and recorded one of them is new record. This is <em>Leptomastix abnormis</em><br />Girault (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Also nine species of predators recorded here<br />attacked <em>P.citri</em>. The results also observed the host plants and<br />temperatures greatly influenced on the development of <em>P. citri. </em>The<br />lowering of the temperature increased the dimension of the mealy bug and<br />lengthened the developmental period. The<br />results on citrus, guava and grape showed that the life cycle of <em>P. citri</em><br />at 30<sup>o</sup>C were 21.4±2.45, 32.6±2.44 and 38.8±1.56 days, respectively.<br />These results indicated that <em>P. citri</em> preferes citrus followed by guava<br />and grape.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88093120100601Studies catches of certain species of nocturnal coleoptera as indicated by two different light traps at two different levels in Qena Governorate49561520810.21608/eajbsa.2010.15208ENMohammed Z. Y.AlyZoology Dept., Faculty of science, South Valley Univ., QenaEbrahem E. E.MohammedZoology Dept., Faculty of science, South Valley Univ., QenaAmr M. M.BadawyZoology Dept., Faculty of science, South Valley Univ., QenaJournal Article20180929 Forty eight species belonging to forty three genera were identified. These genera were arranged into eighteen families. Scarabaeidae includes 9 species. Tenebrionidae includes 7 species, whereas Staphylinidae, Elateridae and Carabidae include 4 species. On other hand, the remaining thirteen families includes between 1-3 species. The total catches were over (40,000 individuals), which captured by one trap in the first year (2007-2008), and four traps in the second year (2008-2009) at two different levels. Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88093120100601Effect of the intensity of Hepatozoon gracilis parasitaemia on some biological aspects of Culex (Culex) pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae)57661520910.21608/eajbsa.2010.15209ENFatma H.GalalDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt, 12211Journal Article20180929The bean skinks were collected manually from Abu.Rawash, Giza, Egypt, separated according to size and investigated for <em>H. gracilis</em> infection. Intensity of parasitaemia was determined as slight (≤ 2% per 1000 counted erythrocytes), moderate (3-10% per 1000 counted erythrocytes) and high (11-20% per 1000 counted erythrocytes). <em>Cx. (Cx.) pipiens</em> L were reared under controlled laboratory conditions (20 <span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span> 1 °C, 60–70% RH and 10L: 14D photoperiod). Four groups of 3-4-day-old females, 50 individuals each, were starved 12 h prior to feeding. The first group was used to feed on parasite-free bean skink while the other groups were offered blood meals from slightly, moderately and highly infected lizards. The fully engorged females from each group were transferred separately to oviposition tubes and observed daily for longevity and reproductive capacity. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA using SPSS software, Ver., 15.0.
The present study declared that the majority of naturally infected bean skinks were slightly infected. Generally the parasitic infections were costive to their host vector and this cost was manifested as a reduction in reproductive and transmission capacities. Preoviposition period was reduced by 15% and increased by 55% in case of mosquitoes fed on highly and moderately infected skinks, respectively, as compared to control. Fecundity was reduced by 48, 37 and 18% and fertility was reduced by 8, 3 and 6% in case of mosquitoes fed on highly, moderately, slightly infected skinks, respectively, as compared to control. No significant difference in the egg incubation period was observed between control and infected groups. Adult longevity was reduced by 40% in case of mosquitoes fed on highly infected skinks and increased approximately 2 folds in case of mosquitoes fed moderately and highly, infected skinks as compared to control.
The present study suggested a decreased competence of <em>Cx. (Cx.) pipiens</em> in the hepatzoonosis disease circulation in nature when the infection intensity was high or moderate. On the other hand, the vector is a very strong candidate in the disease circulation in nature in case of slight intensity of infection.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88093120100601An illustrated key to the Families of order Diptera as known to occur in Egypt57791521010.21608/eajbsa.2010.15210ENAyman M. EbrahimEbrahimTaxonomy Department Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI)Magdy M.SalemTaxonomy Department Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI)Journal Article20180929Flies of the order Diptera are of the most important insects and of wide distribution in all parts of the world, except in the Antarctic Circle. Some of them are pests of highly economic important plants; many are vectors of dangerous diseases for man and animal and cause threat in various parts of the world and exert effective serious problems (Borror and Triplehorn, 1976; Hendel, 1936-37; Lindner and Erwin, 1928; Oldroyd, 1949 in addition to Yeast and Wiegmann, 2005).
The recent world catalogues of the order lists over 100 valid families and approximately 240.000 species (James, 2008), of them 65 families, and 1339 species (Steyskal, 1967) are recorded in Egypt. Due to the lack of illustrated taxonomic keys for the representative families of the order in Egypt, the present work was planned to construct a new key to facilitate the recognition and separation of the families and for the benefit of entomologists interested in the dipterous insect fauna of Egypt. The present key cover the various dipterous keys in the literature, text books, taxonomic catalogues and the work of many authors, (Nagatomi, 1991; Wood, 1989; Yeates and Wiegmann, 1999; Thompson, 2005; Evenhuis, 1994; Hennig, 1973; Wood and Borkent, 1989; Wood, 1991; Kristensen, 1991; Griffiths, 1996; Kukalova-Peck, 1991; Merritt et al., 2003; and Kitching et al., 2005; McAlpine, 1989). Who gave the main classifications of the higher categories of the order, in other hand many literature that deal with the main morphological characters are used (McAlpine and Wood, 1983; McAlpine and wood, 1981&1987; Wiegmann, & Thompson, 1993; Verral, 1909 and wood, 1991).
Many particular references that deal with separated suborders and there sections by using a morphological characters or by phylogeny and classification of the suborders are recognized for the purpose of the key, (Bickel, 1982; Evenhuis, 1995; Hendel, 1928; Papavero, 2003; Wiegmann and Kishino, 2003; Wood, 1991 and yeast, 2007) to explained and provide a true variation in many families of the order.
The present work is considered also as a contribution and updating to the work of (Steyskal, 1967), who provided a checklist of order Diptera in Egypt including families and species together with their synonyms and representative material in various insect collections and other taxonomic notes and a key to the families. It is hoped that this work will serve and provide a stimulus for further taxonomic and zoogeographic work.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88093120100601Effect of wetting agents on some biological activity of alum soluble powder formulations against Aphis craccivora.89931521110.21608/eajbsa.2010.15211ENAzza I.MohamedCentral Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Ashraf M. A.El-kadyCentral Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20180929Laboratory tests were conducted to assess the insecticidal activity of Alum salt and its formulation, A<sub>1</sub> (Alum+ Tween) and A<sub>2</sub> (Alum +sodium dodecyl sulphate {SDS}) against <em>Aphis craccivora</em> stages under laboratory condition. The insecticidal effect of Alum was noticed as slight affect at 2, 4, and 6 hours of treatments in case of nymphs, adults and winged stage respectively where as it increased gradually to record the highest activity after 12 hours. Soluble powder formulations of Alum were more effective than Alum alone. This indication was noticed as increasing in effectiveness without any changes in behavior of activity. The effectiveness of formulated Alum soluble powder was affected by the type of wetting agent that used in formulated preparations. A<sub>2</sub> formulation (Alum +SDS) was more effective than A<sub>1</sub> formulation (Alum +Tween) against all stages at all exposure periods.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88093120100601Changes in protein content of Culex pipiens mosquito treated with two agriculture waste extracts951031521210.21608/eajbsa.2010.15212ENReda F. A.BakrDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain-Shams UniversityNadiaHelmyDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain-Shams UniversityGalal A.NawwarApplied organic chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, EgyptSomiaEl. IbrahimApplied organic chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, EgyptOmnia M.HelmyApplied organic chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20180929Third larval instars of <em>Culex pipiens</em> were exposed to sub-lethal concentration LC<sub>25</sub> of Black and White liquors (waste extract from rice straw) for 24 hours to study its effect on protein content quantitative and qualitative. The total protein contents in larval treated either with black liquor or with white liquor were high in all developmental stages except in pupal stage Black liquor treatment was low but not significantly as compared to the control insect. The protein profile of the treated larvae and other developmental stages (pupa, adult female and adult male) was evaluated to explain their mode of action. Electrophoretic analysis of total proteins revealed inhibitory action of the tested compounds on the protein contents. The appearance and disappearance of certain protein fractions by application of these compounds may be explain their larvicidal activity and disorders occurred during different developmental stages.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88093120100601Mark Anthony J. Torres1, Liza A. Adamat1, Muhmin Michael E. Manting1, Sharon Rose M. Tabugo1, Ravindra C. Joshi2, Leocadio Sebastian2,Alberto T. Barrion2 and Cesar G. Demayo1*1051121524810.21608/eajbsa.2010.15248ENMark Anthony J.TorresDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics
Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology
9200 Iligan City, PhilippinesLiza A.AdamatDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics
Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology
9200 Iligan City, PhilippinesMuhmin Michael E.MantingDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics
Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology
9200 Iligan City, PhilippinesSharon Rose M.TabugoDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics
Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology
9200 Iligan City, PhilippinesRavindra C.JoshiPhilippine Rice Research Institute (PHILRICE), Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, PhilippinesLeocadioSebastianPhilippine Rice Research Institute (PHILRICE), Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, PhilippinesAlberto T.BarrionPhilippine Rice Research Institute (PHILRICE), Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, PhilippinesCesar G.DemayoDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics
Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology
9200 Iligan City, PhilippinesJournal Article20180930This study was conducted to determine the possible number of developmental modules defining the shape of the forewing of the rice black bug <em>Scotinophara</em><em>coarctata</em>. The new method of geometric morphometrics (GM) was used and the shapes of the forewings were summarized via Procrustes analysis of a total of 120 landmarks. In this study, Modularity and Integration Analysis was used as a tool to test <em>a priori</em> models of variational modularity in multidimensional (mainly morphometric) data in order to analyze the number of developmental modules of the forewings of the insect. Twelve <em>a priori</em> models of variational modularity in the GM forewing data were tested using the γ* (Gamma*) test for goodness of fit (GoF) statistic by comparing the observed and expected covariance matrices. Jackknife support values for each model were also computed using γ* as the GoF statistic. The analysis was implemented based on a total of 1000 replicates, dropping 10% of the specimens per jackknife replicate, and computing 95% confidence intervals for the statistic. Results showed that the female RBB forewing is spatially organized into two modules, the partition of clavus and membrane and the corium as an independent structure whereas the male populations exhibit two possible developmental models. These modules are mutually integrated but statistically independent from each other.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88093120100601Systematic relationships of rice black bugs, Scotinophara spp. inferred using nonmetric multidimensional scaling technique and parsimony analysis1131311524910.21608/eajbsa.2010.15249ENMark Anthony J.TorresDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics,
Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology
9200 Iligan City, PhilippinesAlberto T.BarrionPhilippine Rice Research Institute (PHILRICE), Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, PhilippinesRavindra C.JoshiPhilippine Rice Research Institute (PHILRICE), Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, PhilippinesLeocadio S.SebastianPhilippine Rice Research Institute (PHILRICE), Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, PhilippinesAdelina A.BarrionInstitute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines, Los Baños, LagunaAimee-Lyn A.Barrion-DupoInstitute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines, Los Baños, LagunaCesar * G.DemayoDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics,
Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology
9200 Iligan City, PhilippinesJournal Article20180930The systematic relationships of Philippine rice black bugs (RBBs), <em>Scotinophara </em>spp. was inferred using nonmetric multidimensional scaling technique (MDSCALE) and parsimony analysis to determine patterns of variation among the species and species groups. The MDSCALE result revealed a very distinct structure with clusters representing species groups visually apparent in the map. The distinct gaps in the phenetic spaces between species groups reflect the ease by which the species can be classified using numerical phenetics. On the contrary, parsimony analysis showed that the species groups did not form monophyletic groups. The results of the study are discussed in the light of patterns of differentiation among the species. It is suggested that more parsimony informative characters should be included to shed light into our basic understanding of the various evolutionary processes involved in the differentiation of these species of black bugs.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88093120100601Effect of the climate and some different protein diets on the visitation pattern of flesh and blow flies of Gebel Al- Baher, Al- Baha Province, Kingdom Saudi Arabia1331441525010.21608/eajbsa.2010.15250ENEhab M.AbouZiedFaculty of Science, Fayoum University, EgyptJournal Article20180930This work compares the effect of the climate and some different protein diets on the activity of flesh and blow fly populations in one of the biggest mountains of Sarah region, south-westKingdom of Saudi Arabia. Trapping of adult flies revealed the presence of three populations, namely, <em>Engelisca adhamae</em> (Lehrer & AbouZied, 2008) and <em>Liosarcophaga babiyari</em> (Lehrer, 1995), in addition to a single calliphorid species <em>Calliphora vicina</em> (R−D, 1830). Adults of<em> L. babiyari</em> showed a year round activity, with the major peak during August. The species <em>E. adhamae</em> showed its major peak during May and June, while in addition, adults of <em>C. vicina</em> showed spring activity during the period from March to April.
Adult <em>activity of L. babiyari</em> showed a direct correlation with both of the temperature and the wind velocity, but it was inversely correlated with the relative humidity. Otherwise, adult <em>C.vicina</em> was directly correlated with rainfall. However, the studied climatic factors showed a very weak effect on the activity of adult <em>E. adhamae</em>. The trophic niches, was predicted to affect male <em>L. babiyari</em> which showed great affinity to be trapped with fish followed by liver then meat. In comparison, male <em>E. adhamae</em> preferred fish, followed by both, liver and beef. Meanwhile, female <em>L.babiyari</em>, showed higher tendency to both, fish and liver compared with both, beef and hash-hash. In contrast, female <em>E.adhamae</em> showed nearly the same tendency to fish, liver and beef. However, male and female <em>C</em>.<em> vicina</em> showed more attraction to liver compared with both fish and beef.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88093120100601An illustrated Key to the larval stages of dipterous families in Egypt1451721525110.21608/eajbsa.2010.15251ENAyman M.EbrahimPlant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20180930In Egypt order Diptera includes sixty-four families (steyskal, 1967), In addition to a new recorded family, Diopsidae (Stalked-eye flies). It is worth to mention here that, the larval stages act as an important role for determination and separation of the families and the species of order Diptera, particulary the unknown specimens of agriculture quarantine. Identification of dipterous families, within the scope of the present work, depends up on an illustrated key, for the first time, in Egypt.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88093120100601Variability in head shapes in three populations of the Rice Bug Leptocorisa oratorius (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Alydidae)1731841525210.21608/eajbsa.2010.15252ENMark Anthony J.TorresDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics,
Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology,
9200 Iligan city, PhilippinesJadeLumansocDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics,
Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology,
9200 Iligan city, PhilippinesCesar G.DemayoDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics,
Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology,
9200 Iligan city, PhilippinesJournal Article20180930The rice bug, <em>Leptocorisa oratorius </em>(Fabricius) is an insect pest of rice that feeds on developing rice grains reducing the yield and quality of rice. Identification of this pest has been vague owing to variability in its external morphological characteristics. It has been referred to as <em>L. acuta</em> (Thunberg) and <em>L. varicornis </em>in some literature. In this study, the shapes of the head capsule were compared in populations of the rice bug using a landmark-based geometric morphometric method, and analysis of relative warp scores. Samples were collected from three different localities of which eighty-three were from Alubijid, Misamis Oriental; nineteen from Maigo, Lanao del Norte; and eighty-two from Buug, Zamboanga Sibugay. Of the 184 individuals, 116 were classified as males and 68 were classified as females. Images of the dissected head capsule was acquired with the use of MacronCam and Leica ES2 microscope. Landmark analyses was done on the x- and y- coordinates of the head outline which totalled to 35 landmark points. The results showed variability within and among populations of the rice bugs in the regions at the labrum, vertex, and the outline of the compound eye insertion.This variability may represent unique genotypes and that this geographic variation may have an important effect on expanding population sizes in following years which should be considered in control methods.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88093120100601Corrections to the Eretmocerus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) of Iran and the validation of two new species1851861525310.21608/eajbsa.2010.15253ENAbd-RabouS.Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, GizaGhahariH.Department of Agriculture, Shahr-e-Rey Islamic Azad University (SRAU), Tehran, IranEvansG.USDA, APHIS-PPQ,BARC-West, Bldg. 005, Rm 137, Beltsville, MD 20705,Journal Article20180930<em>Eretmocerus</em><br />(Haldeman) one of most important bioagents of whiteflies. The aim of this work is to cite the location of<br />holotypes of <em>Eretmocerus neomaskelliae</em><br />Abd-Rabou & Ghahari and <em>Eretmocerus ostovani</em> Ghahari &<br />Abd-Rabou. The holotypes<br />of <em>E. neomaskelliae</em> and <em>E.<br />ostovani</em> are deposited in the Department of Agriculture, Shahr-e-Rey<br />Islamic Azad University (SRAU), Tehran,<br /> Iran.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88093120100601Studies on the effect of low temperature on the duration of embryonic life, hatching percentage, wet weight, water and glucose levels and acid phosphatase activity during embryogenesis in eggs of Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)1871971525410.21608/eajbsa.2010.15254ENChaubey S.N.Insect Biochemistry Lab, Department of Zoology,S.D.J.P.G. College Chandeshwar Azamgarh,
(U.P.)-276128, INDIATarkeshwarRamInsect Biochemistry Lab, Department of Zoology,S.D.J.P.G. College Chandeshwar Azamgarh,(U.P.)-276128, INDIAShiv PoojanMauryaInsect Biochemistry Lab, Department of Zoology,S.D.J.P.G. College Chandeshwar Azamgarh,(U.P.)-276128, INDIARadheshyamMishraInsect Biochemistry Lab, Department of Zoology,S.D.J.P.G. College Chandeshwar Azamgarh,(U.P.)-276128, INDIAJournal Article20180930Laboratory experiments were performed to study the effects of low temperature on the duration of embryonic life, hatching percentage, wet weight, water content, glucose levels and acid phosphatase activity during embryonic development in the rice moth, <em>Corcyra</em><em> cephalonica</em>. A significant increase occurred in the duration of embryonic life with decreasing temperature. Lowering the temperature from 28<sup>º</sup>C to 24<sup>º</sup>C did not affect the hatching percentage of eggs. However, when incubated at 28<sup>º</sup>C, wet weight and water content of eggs significantly decreased with advancing egg age up to 40-48 h and 32-40 h respectively. Moreover, the rate of decrease in wet weight and water content lowered with decreasing incubation temperature. A significant decrease in glucose levels (mg/egg and mg/mg wet weight of egg sample) occurred during the initial stages followed by an increase, during the later stages of embryogenesis in eggs incubated at all three temperatures, although the levels of variation decreased with decreasing temperature. Acid phosphatase activity showed a more or less, sigmoid pattern of change, with a lowering rate of increase, corresponding to decreasing incubation temperature.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88093120100601Relative warp analysis of head shape variations in Nephotettix virescens (Distant) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) infesting rice types with different genes for resistance1992061525510.21608/eajbsa.2010.15255ENCordulo P.Ascaño IICurrent Address: Mindanao University of Science and Technology
Cagayan de Oro City, PhilippinesMark Anthony J.TorresDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics
MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, PhilippinesCesar G.DemayoDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics
MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, PhilippinesJournal Article20180930Head shape differences were examined in both sexes of the green leafhopper <em>Nephotettix virescens</em> (Distant) infesting a susceptible variety TN1, and rice varieties with specific genes for resistance TAPL (<em>Glh6</em>), Ptb8 (<em>Glh4</em>), MK (<em>Glh7</em>), and IR8 (<em>Glh3</em>). Differences in the shapes of the heads were qualified using advances in image analysis and geometric morphometric analysis. A total of 18 homologous landmarks and 2 pseudo-landmarks were digitized from images of dissected head parts of the samples using the <em>ScionImage</em> software. Then, the x and y coordinates of the landmarks were examined using relative warp analysis and principal component analysis. Results of the Kruskal-Wallis test (non-parametric ANOVA) of the head shape descriptors showed clear-cut divergence in the shapes of the heads of some green leafhoppers infesting resistant rice types (P<0.001). In the context of evolution, such observation shows that ecological divergence following host shifts may also be an important factor in the diversification of lineages of herbivorous insects. Such host races can thus serve as models to test hypotheses about the factors driving local specialization that can lead to reproductive isolation and speciation.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88093120100601The relationship between Varroa destructor infestation and virgin queen’s acceptance, mating success and onset of oviposition in honeybee colonies2072121525610.21608/eajbsa.2010.15256ENSalah H.RatebPlant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptMohamed F.Abdel-RahmanBeekeeping Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Agricultural Research Center, Giza, EgyptReda E.SanadBeekeeping Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Agricultural Research Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20180930 This study was conducted to evaluate the role of level infestation of the <em>Varroa destructor</em>mite on virgin queen's acceptance, mating success and pre-oviposition period when their introduced into Carniolan honeybee, <em>Apis mellifera</em> colonies. According to level infestation of mite, the colonies were divided into three groups, each contained 15 colonies, low (5% ± 0.3); moderate (12% ± 0.7) and high (20% ± 0.9).
The results showed that the varroa level significant influence virgin queen's acceptance, mating success and somewhat influence their onset of oviposition. The results mentioned that, low infestation level was more accepted and reached mating success 100% than both moderate and high levels (mating success were 91.67% and 80.0%, respectively). Pre-oviposition periods were (8.9 ± 1.05; 11.1 ± 0.89 and 11.6 ± 1.45 days), recorded at low, moderate and high mite infestation levels, respectively. Beekeepers can get an economic benefit from introducing queen bees and improving introduction acceptance and mating success by control varroa mite before queen introduction.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88093120100601Effect of different feeding diets on the haemolymph of the newly emerged honeybee workers Apis mellifera L.1132201525710.21608/eajbsa.2010.15257ENSawsan S.El MohandesDepartment of Apiculture, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Emad A.NafeaDepartment of Apiculture, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Asmaa M.FawzyDepartment of Apiculture, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20180930Five diets were compared for measuring their effects on the differential haemocytes types of the newly emerged worker bees, and also on their haemolymph proteins, lipids and glucose content. As blood haemocytes cell play a role in defending honeybees against parasites and pathogens. Five groups of newly emerged worker bees were fed with one of the following diets in patty form with sugar: faba bean (<em>Vicia faba</em>) pollen, maize (<em>Zea mays</em>) pollen, date palm (<em>Phoenix</em><em> dactylifera</em>) pollen, Egyptian clover (<em>Trifolium alexandrinum</em>) pollen and soya bean (<em>Glycine max</em>) flour (as pollen supplement). Differential haemocyte counts (DHC) were evaluated in smears of their haemolymph. The types of the haemocytes (prohaemocytes, plasmatocytes, oenocytoids, granulocytes, coagulocytes and binucleated cells) were recorded. The most abundant type was plasmtoycte cells (over 90%) followed by granulocyte cells and coagulocyte cells. These blood cells perform phagocytosis and encapsulation of foreign bodies in the honeybee body cavity. Feeding honeybees with these different diets caused significant differences between the haemocyte cells. The highest number of plasmatocyte cells recorded in bees which fed on maize pollen, while the lowest was found in bees fed on bean pollen. The highest protein content was found in the haemolymph of bees fed on date palm and the lowest was found in bees fed on bean pollen and the difference was non-significant. The difference in lipids content was non-significant in worker bees fed on these different diets. There was a significant difference in glucose content between bees fed on maize pollen and date palm pollen.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88093120100601Effect of sequence control sprays on cotton bollworms and side effect on some sucking pests and their associated predators in cotton fields.2212331525810.21608/eajbsa.2010.15258ENAl-Shannaf H. M.H.Plant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20180930Field evaluation of sequence control sprays were carried out at Abou-Hamad district, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt in the two successive cotton growing seasons 2008 and 2009 against cotton bollworms, <em>Pectinophora gossypiella</em> (Sound.), <em>Earias insulana</em> (Boisd.) and <em>Heliothis armigera</em> (Hüb.) infesting cotton green bolls as well as some sucking pests and some important predators. The seasonal average reductions in cotton bollworms infestation attained 66.67 and 61.18 % in 2008 and 2009 seasons.
Conventional insecticides mixture IGRs treatments attained 91.82 and 84.42 % in 2008 season of <em>Nezara viridula</em> and <em>Tetranychus</em> spp.; 90.13 and 75.38% of <em>N. veridula </em>and Aphids in 2009 season, respectively. The lowest mean numbers of insects were 0.78 and 1.48 insects/week of <em>Tetranychus </em>spp. and <em>N. viridula</em> in 2008; 0.41 and 3.33 individuals/week in 2009 season in treatments of true spiders and <em>N. viridula</em> compared with untreated plots recorded 0.96 and 1.48 in 2008 season of true spiders and <em>N. viridula</em>, while in 2009 the lowest mean numbers were 1.26 and 7.93 individuals/week of <em>Tetranychus</em> spp. and <em>N.</em> <em>viridula.</em> The tested programs resulted in the highest degree of % reduction for all investigated predators except for <em>Chrysoperla carnea</em> attained 99.54 ,94.05 and 91.89 % of <em>Peaderus alfierii</em>, <em>Coccinella </em> spp. and <em>Scymnus </em> spp. in 2008.In 2009 seasons the highest reduction were 100.00, and 84.30 % of <em>Coccinella </em> spp. and <em>Scymnus </em> spp.
The insect predators (<em>Chrysoperla carnea</em>, <em>Coccinella </em> spp. <em>Orious </em> spp., <em>Peaderus alfierii</em>, <em>Scymnus </em> spp., and true spiders) were influence significant and insignificant relationship in the two seasons and ranged between positive & negative relationship. On the other hand, results indicate that the all predators affect sucking pests with 29.73, 32.54; 35.57,83.22; 61.88,83.54; 49.14,46.26 and 52.46,58.26% mutable regression values of <em>Aphis</em> <em>gossypii</em>, <em>B. tabaci</em>, <em>Emboasca</em> <em>lybica, N. viridula</em> and <em>Tetranychus</em> spp. during 2008 and 2009, respectively.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-88093120100601Biological studies of the California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) bunder different host plants and temperatures with an annotated list of natural enemies of this pest in Egypt2352421525910.21608/eajbsa.2010.15259ENHodaBadaryPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, GizaShaabanAbd-RabouPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, GizaJournal Article20180930 The California red scale<em>, Aonidiella aurantii</em> (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) is potentially a severe pest of citrus trees in different parts in Egypt. The aim of this work is to study the biological studies of this pest on the host plants, <em>Citrus sinensis</em> (citrus), <em>Ficus nitida</em> (laurel fig) and <em>Mangifera indica</em> (mango)under different temperatures (18, 24, 30ºC) as well as an annotated list of natural enemies associated with<em> A</em>.<em> aurantii</em> in Egypt. The results observed the host plants and temperatures greatly influenced on the development of <em>A</em>.<em> aurantii</em>.The lowering of the temperature increased the dimension of the California red scale and lengthened the developmental period. The results on host plants, citrus, <em>Ficus nitida</em> and mango showed that the life cycle of <em>A</em>.<em> aurantii</em>, at 30<sup>o</sup>C were 49.8±11.31, 68.9±19.30 and 81.3±18.31 days, respectively. These results indicated that <em>A</em>.<em> aurantii</em> prefers citrus followed by <em>Ficus nitida</em> and mango. Twelve species of parasitoids and nine species of predators were collected and recorded, one of them is new record and this is <em>Encarsia lounsburyi </em>(Berlese & Paoli) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae).