Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880912220190301Fungal Infection Causes Serious Effects on Cuticle and Midgut of the Greater Wax Moth, Galleria mellonella182773410.21608/eajbsa.2019.27734ENSanaa A. M..IbrahimDepartment of Crop Pests, Plant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C.,7 Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki, Giza, EgyptTaha M.A.Zoology Department, Entomology branch, Faculty of Science, AL-Azhar University, Girls Branch, Nasr City, EgyptHend H. A.SalemZoology Department, Entomology branch, Faculty of Science, AL-Azhar University, Girls Branch, Nasr City, EgyptJournal Article20190125The pathogenicity efficiency among two of the entomopathogenic fungi (EPF), <em>Beauveria bassiana</em> and <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em> against the last larval instar of the greater wax moth (GWM), <em>Galleria mellonella</em> L., under laboratory conditions was compared. The histopathological changes in cuticle and midgut at 48hrs post fungal infection was investigated. The results revealed that, the concentration–mortality relationship showed that larval mortality increase in a linear relationship with conidia concentration and<em> B. bassiana</em> causing higher mortality percentage with LC<sub>50</sub> 3.1x10<sup>2</sup>conidia/ml while LC<sub>50 </sub>of <em>M. anisopliae</em> reached 4.6x10<sup>3</sup>conidia/ml. The histological analysis of <em>B. bassiana</em> infection at 48 hrs. post-infection showed extensive histopathological changes in cuticle and midgut that induced nodule formation beneath the cuticle layer and destroying midgut epithelium by separation of columnar layer towards gut lumen with increasing the number of regenerative cells beneath it. Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880912220190301The Biological study of the Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus through all a year seasons9182878910.21608/eajbsa.2019.28789ENMohammed Z. Y.AlyDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, South Valley UniversityKhaled S. M.OsmanDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, South Valley UniversityMahmoud M. M.SolimanDepartment of plant protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bany Sweaf UniversityEvon E. L.HannaDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, South Valley UniversityJournal Article20190128The most dangerous insect to threaten palm trees is the red palm weevil, <em>Rhynchophorus</em> <em>ferrugineus</em> (Curculiondiae: Coleoptera). This study was aimed to, study the Biology of the red palm weevil on the food circles (date palm, sugar cane, cucumber, banana peel and watermelon peel) under room temperature through one year. The results showed that spring was the most active season for the red palm weevil and decreases during winter. The previous plants showed their effectiveness in the breeding of the red palm weevil and the watermelon peel was nearly as close to the results of date palms (the main host of the red palm weevil), while the lowest on cucumber. The number of eggs on date palms during spring and winter were (392 and 103 eggs/female), respectively. The number of eggs on watermelon peel during spring and winter were (315 and 90 eggs/female), respectively. The number of eggs on cucumber during spring and winter were (151 and 63 eggs/female), respectively. The number of larval instars on date palm during spring and winter were (12 and 8 instars/larva), respectively. The number of larval instars on watermelon peel during spring and winter were (11 and 4 instars/larva), respectively. The number of larval instars on cucumber during spring and winter were (8 and 3 instars/larva), respectively. Pre-egg laying period on date palm and watermelon peel during spring and autumn were 3 and 4 days, respectively. Pre-egg laying period on cucumber during spring and autumn were 4 and 5 days, respectively. Based on these results must protect palms during period activity of the red palm weevil. Take in consideration, watermelon peel as a type of traps to the red palm weevil in palm plantations..Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880912220190301Antimicrobial and Antiviral Activity of Lucilia sericata, Chrysomya albiceps (Diptera: Calliphoridae) And Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) Whole Body Extract19332879110.21608/eajbsa.2019.28791ENMoneer S.AmerDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, EgyptKotb M.HammadDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, EgyptAhmed Z.I.ShehataDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, EgyptAhmed I.A.HasballahDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, EgyptMahmoud M.MZidanDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190129The present study dealt with evaluating the effect of whole body extracted by ethyle acetate of <em>L. sericata</em>, <em>C. albiceps</em> and <em>M. domestica</em> as exhibited antibacterial activity against some species of bacteria. They were shown to inhibit the growth of Gram–positive bacteria <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Staphylococcus</em> <em>epidermidis</em>, Gram–negative bacteria, <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> and Fungi, <em>Aspergillus fumigatus</em> thus exhibited limited inhibitory effect towards Gram–positive bacteria <em>Bacillus subtilis </em>and Gram–negative <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>and Fungi <em>Syncephalastrum racemosum </em>and <em>Candida albicans</em>, this effect was slowed down when challenged with secretion on a solid media but no zone of complete inhibition was detected. Growth inhibiting activity was determined in liquid growth media using the Gram–positive, Gram–negative bacterial and fungal strains as indicator organisms. The antiviral activity of whole body extracted by ethyle acetate of <em>L. sericata, C. albiceps and M. domestica</em> nES were tested against Vero cell line was developed for isolation and propagation of many enteroviruses and hepatitis A and average values were considered.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880912220190301Feeding of the Red Palm Weevil, Rynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Larvae on Natural and Artificial Diets in Relation to Biology and Chemical Contents.35432912910.21608/eajbsa.2019.29129ENNaglaa F.Abdel-HameidPlant Protection Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Benha Univ., EgyptJournal Article20190201Life parameters including pre-oviposition, oviposition and larval & pupal periods, adult male and female longevities ,and generation period were recorded for the red palm weevil, <em>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</em> Olivier reared on the sugarcane stem pieces (Diet,1) and other 3 artificial diets depending mainly on ground sugarcane ,(diet 2); ground corn , (diet 3) and ground mixture of sugarcane and corn (diet 4) . In the laboratory at 28±1°C and 75±5% R.H. , the effects of all diets on total proteins , carbohydrates and lipids were also determined in the last instar larvae .Larvae fed on diet 2 ( ground sugarcane + additives ) exhibited shortest larval duration ( 86.30 days ) , while diet 3 ( ground corn + additives) caused the longest larval period ( 128.35 days ) . Shortest and longest pupal periods resulted also from feeding on diet 2 and diet 3 ( 15.3 and 21.75 days , respectively ) . On the other hand , male and female longevities were the longest and shortest when previous larvae were fed on diet 2 and diet 3 ( 50.4 and 38.4 days for males and 48.0 and 36.8 days for females , respectively . The sex – ratio was almost 1:1 with all diets , except diet 2 which led to more females ( 1 male : 1.5 female ).Eggs of <em>R. ferrugineus </em>hatched after about 4 days , but this period was , significantly , shorter ( 3.35 days ) by rearing on diet 2 . Highest hatch ability percentage ( 93.61 % ) resulted from rearing on the same diet .
Chemical analyses of last larval instar content indicated that the highest total contents of proteins ( 51.87 mg / g ) , carbohydrates (105.0 mg / g ) and lipids ( 21.13 mg / g ) were obtained by rearing on diet2, diet 1 and the control ( natural feeding on palm ), respectively Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880912220190301Comparative Assessment of Certain Insecticidal Compounds on the Development and Adult Performance of Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).45572917810.21608/eajbsa.2019.29178ENTanani M.A..A.Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Madinat Nasr, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190210<span lang="EN-GB">The red palm weevil <em>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</em> is a serious pest of date palm in different regions of the Middle East. The present study was carried out to evaluate comparatively the effects of pyriproxyfen (insect growth regulator), neemazal (a plant product) and spinetoram (a bacterial product) on growth, development and adult performance of this insect pest. The early 5th instar larvae were treated with five sublethal concentrations of each compound. The most important results can be summarized as follows. Both larval duration and weight were considerably reduced by Spinetoram. Pyriproxyfen significantly reduced the larval duration only at 4000 ppm (7.2±2.97, compared to 11.7±1.6 days control insects) but Neemazal could not exhibit a remarkable effect. The strongest reducing effect on larval weight was recorded for Pyriproxyfen, since the growth inhibition% was determined as 49.10, 48.58 and 38.04, at 4000, 2000 and 1000 ppm, respectively. Pupation was inhibited by all tested insecticidal compounds and the pupal duration was significantly shortened, except at the lower three concentrations of Neemazal. Some deformations had been recorded only in adults, irrespective of the tested compound. The adult longevity was significantly shortened at the higher concentrations of each compound.</span>Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880912220190301Disruptive Effects of Certain Chitin Synthesis Inhibitors on Some Haemogram Parameters in the Egyptian Cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)59832917910.21608/eajbsa.2019.29179ENBasiounyA.Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptWaheebH.Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190210The Egyptian cotton leafworm, <em>Spodoptera littoralis</em>, is a key pest attacking several economically important crops in Egypt and several parts in the world. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of novaluron and cyromazine, chitin synthesis inhibitors, on the larval haemogram of this pest. Five main types of the circulating hemocytes, <em>viz</em>., plasmatocytes (PLs), granulocytes (GRs), prohemocytes (PRs), oenocytoides (OEs), and spherulocytes (SPs) had been categorized in last instar larvae. The most important differentiating characters of each type were described. After treatment of the freshly moulted penultimate instar larvae with LC<sub>50</sub> of novaluron or cyromazine (2.71 and 74.44 ppm, respectively), the successfully moulted last (6th) instar larvae were used to assess the haemogram responses. Novaluron remarkably induced the total hemocyte counts (THCs) at two limits of the larval instar. In contrast, cyromazine exhibited a general inhibitory effect on THC during the majority of larval instar. As a response to novaluron treatment, PRs and PLs counts had been slightly induced during the first half of instar but slightly reduced during the second half. Also, GRs population decreased but SPs population increased along most larval period. With respect to the effect of cyromazine, count of PRs and GRs had been remarkably inhibited but PLs was significantly enhanced along the larval life. The same compound exhibited diverse effects on SPs, depending on the larval age. In addition, OEs count was enhanced by both compounds during the second half of larval instar. Both compounds exhibited serious cytopathological effects on all types of hemocytes, except cyromazine against OEs. Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880912220190301Review of Subfamily Palparinae (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from Egypt85972977710.21608/eajbsa.2019.29777ENHayamEl HamoulyDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia,
Cairo, EgyptRababSawabyEntomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo EgyptGawharaAbu El-HassanDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia,
Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190210The Egyptian fauna of subfamily Palparinae is revised. Four genera and nine species are recognized. A key to genera and species with illustrations is provided. Diagnosis, specimens examined and distributions are given for each species.The Egyptian fauna of subfamily Palparinae is revised. Four genera and nine species are recognized. A key to genera and species with illustrations is provided. Diagnosis, specimens examined and distributions are given for each species.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880912220190301Impact of Some Weather Factors on the Population Density of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley and its Natural Enemies991083040710.21608/eajbsa.2019.30407ENHassan A.NabilPlant Protection Research Institute, ARC, Dokki, Giza, EgyptM. A.M.HegabPlant Protection Dept., Faculty of Agric., Zagazig Univ., Zagazig, EgyptJournal Article20190215 <strong>T</strong>he aimed of this investigation was to estimate the seasonal abundance and activity periods of the cotton mealybug,<em> Phenacoccus solenopsis </em>Tinsley and its associated parasitoid on okra plants. <strong>T</strong>he present experiment was conducted at Hihhya distract, Sharkia Governorate during two consecutive seasons 2017 and 2018. Plant samples were taken weekly to calculate the population density of different stages of tested pest and its parasitoid, the effect of some weather factors, the number of generations and the best leaf surface. <strong>T</strong>he present work was found a reverse relation between the populations of the cotton mealybug (CMB) and its associated parasitoids. The population dynamic of CMB was high while the population of its parasitoids was low in the first season. On the other hand, the opposite results were obtained during the second season. The <em>P. solenopsis</em> had two to three generations during the first and second seasons, respectively. There was significantly positive correlation between maximum temperature and the population females of this insect whereas, a significant negative correlation was found with mean of relative humidity during the period of this investigation.The results of this study may help the researchers for designing a comprehensive pest management program and prediction models for the cotton mealybug to restrict their further spread.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880912220190301Taxonomical Revision on Certain Species of Subfamily Coccidulinae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Egypt1091263068010.21608/eajbsa.2019.30680ENMohamed K.AbiedDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.Abdel-Hakam A.El-SaeadyDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.Sherif F.HafezDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.Mohammad M. M.BedewyDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20190217This is the first paper of series reviewing the Egyptian Coccidulinae. Three genera <em>Cryptolaemus</em> Mulsant, <em>Rhyzobius </em>Stephens and <em>Tetrabrachys</em> Kapur belonging to two tribes Coccidulini and Tetrabrachini are revised depending on materials collected during study years, and specimens preserved in four insect collections; Collection of Alfieri, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University (<strong>ALFC</strong>); Collection of Ain Shams University, Faculty of Science, Department of Entomology (<strong>ASUC</strong>); Collection of Cairo University, Faculty of Science, Department of Entomology (<strong>CUC</strong>) and Collection of the Plant Protection Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture (<strong>MAC</strong>). Genus <em>Cryptolaemus</em> transferred from Scymninae to Coccidulinae, and the species <em>Tetrabrachys cribratellus</em> is proposed as a valid species. Keys are provided to separate the tribes, genera and species. Description is based on adults, and detailed information about distribution and some ecological notes are mentioned.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880912220190301Effect of Two Food Types on the Biological Aspects of the Predatory Mite, Coleoscirus horidula (Tseng) (Acari: Prostigmata: Cunaxidae) at Various Constant Temperatures1271383152410.21608/eajbsa.2019.31524ENKhalil A.M.Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptAbo-Zaed AmalE.Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20190219 The cunaxid predacious mite, <em>Coleoscirus horidula</em> (Tseng) was extracted from leaf litter under cotton field plants in Qalyubia Governorate associated with spider mites, nematodes, scale insects as well as other small arthropods. The biological aspects of the predatory mite, <em>C. horidula</em> was determined on two preys, the free living nematode <em>Rhabditis scanica</em> Allegen and the acarid mite <em>Tyrophagus putrescentiae</em> (Schrank) at four different temperature degrees (20, 25, 30, 35°C) and 65-70 ± 5% RH. The predator passed through three nymphal stages, also the predator developed faster when reared at 35°C than 20°C. Obtained data showed that the type of prey and temperature affected significantly on biology of male and female of <em>C. horidula</em>. As it prolonged <em>C. horidula</em> life cycle, generation, longevity and life span when fed on free living nematodes <em>R. scanica </em>at 20ºC, while it was significantly decreased when fed on motile stages of acarid mite <em>T. putrescentiae</em> at 35ºC, as the periods decreased. Fecundity was significantly higher when the female fed on free-living nematodes recording 98.83 eggs/ female at 25°C and decreased to record the lowest number of deposited eggs at 35°C as45.67 eggs/ female on the same prey.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880912220190301Review of Subfamily Brachycerinae (Coleoptera: Brachyceridae) in Egypt1391494305310.21608/eajbsa.2019.43053ENNeven E.ElmetwalyPlant Protection Reasearch institute, Agriculture Research Center - El-Dokki-GizaFatma Z.HamedZoology Department, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar UniversityJournal Article20190220The gathered information indicated that subfamily Brachycerinae is represented in Egypt by a single genus,<em> Brachycerus</em> that contains 8 species. Their diagnostic characters were introduced in this work according to previous investigators. This study was planned to identify and to determine the recent taxonomic status of Brachycerides species for the first time in Egypt. An illustrated key was given for all Brachycerides species.