Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880912320190601Taxonomical Studies on the Subfamilies Ortaliinae and Stichlotidinae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Egypt1173076510.21608/eajbsa.2019.30765ENMohamed K.AbiedDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.Abdel-Hakam Y A.El-SaeadyDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.Sherif F.HafezDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.Mohammad M. M.BedewyDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20190305A taxonomic review of the subfamilies Ortaliinae and Sticholotidinae (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) from Egypt is given at the first time with a description of 7 species. The present investigation deals with two species within genus <em>Rodolia</em> and revealed that genus <em>Rodolia</em> belong to tribe Noviini under the subfamily Ortaliinae in agreement with Nedvӗd and Kovář (1996), while, Alfieri (1976) mentioned this tribe under subfamily Coccinellinae.The taxonomic status of five species within subfamily Sticholotidinae is discussed and revealed that, two species of <em>Pharoscymnus</em> <em>ovoideus</em> and <em>Ph</em>. <em>Pilosus</em> <em>priesneri</em>, are considered new record in Egypt, according to the recent catalogue whereas, Alfieri mentioned the two species in his monograph as recorded from Egypt. As mentioned in Alfieri<strong><sup>ʼ</sup></strong>s monograph <em>Ph</em>. <em>varius</em> not species but a subspecies of species <em>Ph. setulosus</em>, with subspecies of <em>anchorago</em>, <em>bifasciatus</em>, <em>brunneonotatus</em>, and <em>letourneuxi</em> the last three subspecies mentioned as aberrations. Seven species and subspecies are listed and recorded from Egypt, depending on fresh material collected from the Egyptian fauna and reference insect collections; <strong>ALFC</strong>, <strong>ASUC</strong>, <strong>CUC</strong>, and <strong>MAC</strong>. The diagnostic characters of subfamilies, tribes, and genera are mentioned and keys to subfamilies, species and subspecies are constructed with illustrations for the identification of species. Geographical distributions in Egypt and world are given. Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880912320190601Industrial Pollution Evaluation through Enzymatic Biomarkers at Different Localities of El-Sadat Industrial City, Menofia, Egypt.19363118910.21608/eajbsa.2019.31189ENAhmed S..BreamZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptEman I.El SurtasiZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, EgyptMohammed A.MahmoudZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptYasser I.HamzaZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190307Industrial pollution is one of the most dangerous that is a continuous threat for humanity. Evaluation of that pollution is the main aim of the current study through the detection of the accumulated heavy metals in its surrounding habitats mainly soil and flora as well as the response of insects towards this pollution. Therefore, seasonal collection of three different insect species were performed in addition to soil and the common plant; <em>Zilla spina</em>, at different sites of El-Sadat industrial city, Menofia, Egypt for four successive seasons during 2016 to 2017. The Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) extracted from the homogenate of the chosen insects were used as biomarkers for heavy metals pollution. Also, heavy metal contents in plant and soil samples were analyzed. Results showed varied activities for the investigated biomarkers depending on the study sites, providing a representative picture to the environmental state of that areas.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880912320190601Stage-specific Life Table Parameters of Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus and Coccinella undecimpunctata Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on Different Host Species under Laboratory Conditions37473152310.21608/eajbsa.2019.31523ENAdnan Abdel-FattahDarwishPlant protection department, faculuty of agriculture, Damanhour UniversityJournal Article20190426 The ladybird beetles (adults and larvae) are important predatory insects in most crops. They are voracious predators of aphids, scale insects, psyllids, jassids, thrips and whiteflies. The life table studies often use to describe the mortality rates, mortality survivor ratio and the further life expectation for successive age intervals. In this work the stage-specific life table parameters of <em>Coccinella septempunctata </em>Linnaeus and <em>Coccinella undecimpunctata </em>Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) at four different hosts viz.,<em> Myzus persicae</em>, <em>Aphis gossypii</em>, <em>Rhopalosiphum padi</em> and <em>Thrips tabaci</em> was constructed under the laboratory conditions. The developmental stages of <em>C. septempunctata</em> and <em>C. undecimpunctata</em> exhibited the highest apparent mortality, real mortality, mortality survivor ratio and total generation mortality (K value) in case of rearing on <em>T. tabaci</em> compared to those reared on <em>R. padi</em>,<em> M. persicae</em> and <em>A. gossypii</em>. On the other hand, the developmental stages of the two predators showed the highest survival ratio on <em>A. gossypii</em> compared to other preys. Larval mortality was greater in 1<sup>st</sup> instar than all other instars on the different hosts. The result further revealed that the minimum duration periods of the total larval development of <em>C. septempunctata</em> and <em>C. undecimpunctata</em> larvae were observed when the larvae fed with <em>A. gossypii </em>followed by <em>M. persicae</em>, <em>R. padi</em> and finally <em>T. tabaci</em>. The data on life table parameters indicated that among four different hosts the cotton aphids, <em>A. gossypii</em> has been proved as a most preferable and suitable prey for the development of <em>C. septempunctata</em> and <em>C. undecimpunctata</em>.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880912320190601The Differences in the Digestive System and Enzymes between Soldiers and Workers of the Subterranean Termite, Psammotermes hypostoma Desneux (Rhinotermitidae: Isoptera)49613219510.21608/eajbsa.2019.32195ENHuda R. K.AliPlant Protection Research Institute, A. R. C., Ministry of AgricultureAlaaRopyDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, EgyptBatt M.A.Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20190428Of eight termite species found in Egypt, the subterranean termite <em>Psammotermes </em><em>hypostoma</em> Desneux is considered as the most important serious pest, which destroy the wooden structures in buildings and other wood products or any material containing cellulose. Therefore, cellulases enzymes are considered the main enzymes in the digestive system of termite. The termite digestive system is considered a target for best control.<br /> This report discusses the descriptive variations of alimentary canals for the worker and the soldier, also, the detection of three digestive enzymes; two of them belonging to cellulases enzymes (endo-β-1,4-glucanase, and cellobiase (β -glucosidase) and the third is amylase in guts extracts from the termite workers and soldiers. The workers had higher endo-β-1,4-glucanase and amylase activities, while soldiers had higher cellobiase (β-gl`ucosidase) activity. It is clear that the presence of α-amylase in the digestive system of <em>P. hypostoma</em> workers and soldiers means that this species of termite is able to decompose starch, which explains why termites attack grain silos.<br /> Effect of temperature and PH on enzyme activity showed that the optimum temperature /PH for workers were 70 °C/ PH6 for endo-β-1,4-glucanase, 50 °C/PH6 for cellobiase (β -glucosidase) and 70 °C/pH 7 for amylase, while, in case of soldiers, optimum temperature/pH were 70 °C/PH6 for endo-β-1,4-glucanase, 40 °C/PH6 for cellobiase (β-glucosidase) and 60 °C/PH 7 for amylase.<br /> This work is the first in Egypt concerning the study of the enzymes activities of the digestive system of termite and may be considered an initial step to contribute to control this species of termite by the development of new termiticides. Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880912320190601Effect of Two Egyptian Cotton Varieties on Development and Life Table of the Two-Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Relation to Leaf Chemical Contents63723219910.21608/eajbsa.2019.32199ENAzza A.MohamedDepartment of Cotton and Field Crops Mites, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural research Center, Nadi El-Said St., Dokki, Giza, 12311 Cairo, EgyptFatma Sh.KalmoshDepartment of Cotton and Field Crops Mites, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural research Center, Nadi El-Said St., Dokki, Giza, 12311 Cairo, EgyptHany M.El-KawasDepartment of Cotton and Field Crops Mites, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural research Center, Nadi El-Said St., Dokki, Giza, 12311 Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190429<span lang="EN-GB">The development and life table of t<span>he two-spotted spider mite,<em> Tetranychus urticae</em> Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) were </span>studied when reared on two Egyptian cotton varieties: Giza 86 and Giza 90 at laboratory conditions of 27±2°C and 60±5% </span><span lang="EN-GB">R.H</span><span lang="EN-GB">. Results cleared that the development </span><span lang="EN-GB">of <em>T. urticae</em> female was significantly affected by cotton variety. Immatures developmental time was shorter on Giza 90 (3.82 days) than Giza 86 (9.86 days). The adult female longevity averaged 12.29 and 16.65 days on Giza 90 and Giza 86, respectively. In addition, the </span><span lang="EN-GB">values of Net reproductive rate (R<sub>o</sub>), Intrinsic rate of natural increase (r<sub>m</sub>) and Finite rate of increase per day (λ) of <em>T. urticae</em> were (65.04, 0.407 and 1.502 days) and (31.95, 0.184 and 1.202 days) on Giza 90 and Giza 86, respectively. The female fecundity recorded 98.63 and 71.00 eggs / female on Giza 90 and Giza 86, respectively. The mean generation time (T) and generation doubling time (DT) values were the lowest on Giza 90 (10.27, 1.702 days) than Giza 86 (18.82, 3.766 days), respectively. </span><span lang="EN-GB">A positive significant correlation was recorded between development, fecundity of <em>T. urticae</em> female and availability leaf nitrogen content.</span>Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880912320190601Spectral Signature for Detecting Pest Infestation of Some Cultivated Plants in the Northern West Coast of Egypt.73833396310.21608/eajbsa.2019.33963ENYones M.S.National Authority for Remote sensing and Space Sciences (NARSS), 23, Josef Proztito St. Elnozha Elgedida - P.O. Box 1564 Alf maskan Cairo, EgyptAboelgharM.National Authority for Remote sensing and Space Sciences (NARSS), 23, Josef Proztito St. Elnozha Elgedida - P.O. Box 1564 Alf maskan Cairo, EgyptKhdery G.A.National Authority for Remote sensing and Space Sciences (NARSS), 23, Josef Proztito St. Elnozha Elgedida - P.O. Box 1564 Alf maskan Cairo, EgyptDahi H.F.Plant Protection Research Institute, (ARC), Giza, EgyptSowilemM.National Authority for Remote sensing and Space Sciences (NARSS), 23, Josef Proztito St. Elnozha Elgedida - P.O. Box 1564 Alf maskan Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190129<span> </span><span lang="EN-GB">Early detection of pest infestation is essential for determining the optimal time for control application. Many studies indicated the effectiveness of remote sensing technology as a tool to identify plants stressed by pest infestation. In the current study, we observed using hyper spectral remotely sensed data for discrimination between healthy and pest infested plants. Three arid-land plants were selected in the current study: sweet almond, citrus lemon trees and olives. As the first step of the analysis, spectral reflectance pattern for the three plants healthy and infected was identified. The optimal waveband and wavelength/s to differentiate between healthy and infected plants were identified. Different vegetation indices: Modified Chlorophyll Absorption in Reflectance Index (MCARI), Transformed Chlorophyll Absorption in Reflectance Index (TCARI), and Normalized Pigment Chlorophyll Index (NPCI) were calculated and compared between the values of these indices under infestation stress was examined. The results showed that healthy plants give higher reflectance values in visible spectral bands than infected plants with </span><span lang="EN-GB">olives</span><span lang="EN-GB">, however, healthy plants showed higher reflectance than infected plants throughout the whole spectrum with the other two plants. Vegetation indices values showed less value with healthy plants with sweet almond and citrus lemon but an opposite trend was found with </span><span lang="EN-GB">olives</span><span lang="EN-GB">. Blue and red spectral zones were optimal to differentiate between healthy and infected </span><span lang="EN-GB">sweet almond and citrus lemon trees </span><span lang="EN-GB">when all spectral zones except SWIRI were effective to differentiate between healthy and infected</span><span lang="EN-GB"> olives</span><span lang="EN-GB">. </span>Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880912320190601Effect of Some Legumes on the Biological Parameters of the Acanthoscelides obtectus Say85933623110.21608/eajbsa.2019.36231ENHassan A.GadPlant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptMohamed K.AbiedPlant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190429 <em>Acanthoscelides</em> Schilsky is the large genus of Neotropical bruchid beetles, in which most species show host plant specialization. The species of <em>A. obtectus</em> Say specialized on <em>Phaseolus </em>beans and therefore considered pests. Six legume grain species (Dried common bean, green common bean, lentil, cowpea, broad bean, and soybean) were selected to study the biology of this insect pest on these different legumes under the prevailing environmental conditions of 25 ± 2°C and 60 ± 10% RH. The results showed that an average number of eggs per mated female (fecundity) was recorded in common bean dried and green (26.33 and 22.66 eggs). While the fecundity decreased significantly to 10.00, 9.66 and 4.00 eggs/ female at Soybean, Broad bean and Lentil, respectively. The results also showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the percentage of emerged adults among the different legume hosts, namely dried common bean and Cowpea the highest value (88.00 and 76.65%) and lowest percentage (17.97%) of emerged adults in green common bean respectively, while no adults emerged in Soybean, Broad bean and Lentil hosts and the developmental periods of <em>A. obtectus</em> on different legume hosts and mean periods varies depending upon the different hosts.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880912320190601In Vitro Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity of Chitosan Nanoparticles Loaded with the Honeybee, Apis mellifera Venom851033752610.21608/eajbsa.2019.37526ENMostafa I.Hassan.Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, EgyptS. I.El-dekMaterials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, EgyptAly F.Mohamed3Applied Researches Sector, Vacsera, Giza, EgyptAbdelwahab KhalilAbdelwahabZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptJournal Article20190429 The aim of the present study was to extract chitosan from corpses of the naturally died honeybee, prepare chitosan nanoparticles (B- CS- NPs) for loading the honeybee, <em>Apis mellifera</em> venom (BV) and evaluate their antimicrobial potential. Chitin was extracted from the cuticle of corpses of naturally died honeybees following 4 steps; de-waxing, demineralization, deproteinization and discoloration. Chitosan was obtained by deacetylation of chitin and characterized using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction. Honeybee chitosan nanoparticles (B-CS-NPs) were prepared by ionic gelation method using TPP in acidic medium. Empty nanoparticles (B-CS-NPs) and bee venom loaded nanoparticles (BV loaded NPs) were characterized. Hydrodynamic size and zeta potential of B- CS NPs were 74.2 nm, and 51.1 mV, while those of bee venom-loaded (BV loaded NPs) were 110.5 nm, 49.0 mv, respectively. The loading capacity (LC) and encapsulation efficiency (EE) were 86.5 % and 91.3 %, respectively, at bee venom concentration of 600 µg / ml. The antimicrobial activity of empty and BV loaded nanoparticles was studied using different strains of human pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Compared to empty nanoparticles, BV loaded NPs exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against the studied strains except in<strong><em> Aspergillus flavus</em></strong> fungus, which seemed to be resistant.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880912320190601Impact of Host Plants on Detoxification Enzyme Activities to Certain Compounds Efficacy against the Cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)1051193771610.21608/eajbsa.2019.37716ENSoheir F.Abd El-RahmanPlant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Salem M.S.Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptYacoub Sh.S.Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptNancy H.NaguibDepart. of Econ. Entomol. & Pesticide, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, GizaJournal Article20190501Bioassay and life table parameters of insect pest, <em>Spodoptera littoralis </em>(Boisd.) as affected with feeding on host plants of alfalfa and cabbage in comparison to feed on castor leaves. Also, the changes in detoxification enzyme activities in <em>S. littoralis </em>as a result of feeding on three host plants used were determined. In addition, the susceptibility of <em>S. littoralis </em>larvae to three compounds (Indoxacarb, Lufenuron and Uphold “Spinotorum+Methoxy fenozide”) as influenced by feeding on the aforementioned host plants was studied under laboratory conditions. The obtained results showed that:<br /> <em>S. littoralis </em>larvae feeding on castor leaves caused the decreasing in larval, pupal, adult durations and mortalities. However, the weights of larval and pupal were increasing comparing with rearing on alfalfa and cabbage, respectively.<br /> Life table parameters of <em>S.littoralis </em>affected by feeding on the host plants used. Female progeny/female (Mx), survival rate (Lx), net reproductive rate (Ro), intrinsic rate of natural increase (r<sub>m</sub>), finite rate of increase (e<sup>rm</sup>) and doubling time (DT) had affected by the kind of host plant used.<br /> Detoxification enzyme activity determinations cleared that α and β esterases were the highest activities in <em>S. littoralis </em>larvae fed on alfalfa, followed by cabbage, then castor leaves. While acetylcholine esterase as well as carboxyl esterase activities levels were the highest in <em>S. littoralis </em>larvae fed on cabbage. Meanwhile, glutathion S transferase was the highest activity in <em>S. littoralis </em>larvae fed on castor leaves. <br /> In comparison to larvae feeding on castor leaves with those feeding on alfalfa or cabbage, the <em>S. littoralis </em>4<sup>th</sup> instar larvae susceptibility had variation in estimation. The results showed in depending on LC<sub>50</sub>, LC<sub>90</sub>; the larvae of <em>S. littoralis </em>feeding on alfalfa were tolerant to indoxacarb; while that feeding on cabbage tolerant to lufenuron; on the other hand, the larvae fed on castor leaves was tolerant to uphold compound.<br /> So, the susceptibility of <em>S. littoralis </em>differs with the kind of host plant that had the role of impact on detoxification activity enzyme changes and leads to the susceptibility of pest.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology1687-880912320190601Comparison between Gamma Rays and Magnetic Flux Effects on Biological and Life Table Assays of Earias insulan (Boisd.) Eggs1211313856310.21608/eajbsa.2019.38563ENReda A.AmerPlant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, EgyptMervat A.KandilPlant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, EgyptRania M.El- ShenawyPlant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20190505 Under laboratory conditions, the spiny bollworm, <em>Earias insulana</em> (Boisd.) egg stage was exposed to two gamma rays (50&500 Gy) and magnetic flux (20&180 mlt) for studying some aspects of the pest act in biological and life table assays as affected by the treatments used. The results showed that:<br /> Gamma rays dose of 500 Gy was the most efficacies on <em>E. insulana </em>egg compared with other treatments used. The aforementioned dose caused 19.3% egg hatchability and the larvae were completely dead at 1<sup>st</sup> or 2<sup>nd</sup> instar larvae of <em>E. insulana</em>. A dose of 50 Gy had a hatchability percentage (75%), but it caused the increasing larval mortality and completely pupal stage death. Meantime, magnetic flux of 180 mlt, followed by 20 mlt had many deleterious actions for biological and life table parameters in <em>E. insulana</em> treated as one day old egg, it caused the decreasing hatchability, larval & pupal weights, longevity, sex ratio and no. of egg/female; on the other hand, it caused larval and pupal mortalities increasing.<br /> Life table parameters of <em>E. insulana </em>treated as egg affected by magnetic flux treatments. Female progeny/female (Mx), survival rate (Lx), net reproductive rate (Ro), intrinsic rate of natural increase (r<sub>m</sub>) and finite rate of increase (e<sup>rm</sup>) were decreased in both treatments. Meanwhile, generation time (T) and doubling time (DT) were increasing as affected by magnetic flux treatments as one-day old egg compared with untreated <em>E. insulana </em>eggs.<br /> So, gamma-ray doses (50&500 Gy) treatments were the most efficacy against <em>E. insulana</em> egg stage than magnetic flux treatments (20& 180 mlt); but the magnetic flux caused severe deleterious on <em>E. insulana </em>biological and life table parameters.