Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley ( Hemiptera : Pseudococcidae ) Infesting Different Host Plants at Giza Region in Egypt

12 Arab Congress of Plant Protection ,ACPP ,4 -10 November, 2017 Hurghada Egypt Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences is the official English language journal of the Egyptian Society for Biological Sciences, Department of Entomology, Faculty of Sciences Ain Shams University. Entomology Journal publishes original research papers and reviews from any entomological discipline or from directly allied fields in ecology, behavioral biology, physiology, biochemistry, development, genetics, systematics, morphology, evolution, control of insects, arachnids, and general entomology. www.eajbs.eg.net Provided for non-commercial research and education use. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use.


Survey, Phenacoccus solenopsis, Aenasius arizonensis, Hyperparasitoids
The primary parasitoid; Aenasius arizonensis (Girault)(= Aenasius bambawalei Hayat) is a solitary, endoparasitoid of Phenacoccus solenopsis emerged from its adult stage.It was recorded for the first time on the two host plants Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) and Hibiscus rosa -sinensis (Malvaceae) with respective means of 9.8 and 5.1 individuals / branch during June 2016 at Giza region.After one month, (July), A. arizonensis was reported on five host plants; Solanum nigrum (Solanaceae), L. camara (Verbenaceae), Bidens bipimata (Compositae), Withania somnifera (Solanaceae) and H. rosa-sinensis (Malvaceae).Its mean numbers on the five surveyed host plants ranged from 9.0 to 13.6 individuals / branch.The number of A. arizonensis females varied with different host plants.The highest percents (65.45% & 63.33%) were reported on the two host plants; B. bipimata and H. rosasinensis, while the least percent of females (42.39%) associated with the host plant W. somnifera during July.The corresponding figures were 47.79% & 47.46% on the two host plants; S. nigrum and L. camara.Most of A. arizonensis females (85%) emerged from mummies of mealybug gravid females while most of A. arizonensis males (87.5%) were emerged from mummies of mealybug adult females Three hyperparasitoids; Chartocerus subaeneus (Forster) (Signiphoridae), Prochiloneurus aegyptiacus (Mercet) (Encyrtidae) and Pachyneuron sp. were recorded associated with this primary parasitoid.The common hyperparasitois, C. subaeneus reduced the population of A. arizonensis, with a percent of 18 %.Its mean number ranged from 8.9 to 21.7 individuals / branch; the highest count was located on L. camara and the lowest on H. rosa-sinensis.

S INTRODUCTION
Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) are important plant pests worldwide and about 5000 species of mealybugs have been recorded from 246 families of plants throughout the world (Arve et al., 2012).The mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) has a wide geographical distribution its origin in Central America, followed by reports of the Caribbean and Ecuador, Argentina, Brazil, Pakistan and it was described as cotton mealybug due to its large scale occurrence on cotton across many fields (Arve et al., 2012).
About 28 species of natural enemies including 12 predators and 16 multiple parasitoids of P. solenopsis have been reported throughout its range, but only the encyrtid species Aenasius bambawalei Hayat has been instrumental in controlling P. solenopsis natural population in a range 30 -60% (Fand and Suroshe, 2015).Fallahzadeh et al., (2014) mentioned that Aenasius arizonensis (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) belong to Anagyrini within Tetracneminae and was originally described from the USA as Chalcaspis arizonensis (Girault, 1915) and later transferred to Aenasius (Noyes and Woolley, 1994).Hayat, 2009 in India described Aenasius bambawalei Hayat and compared it to A. longiscapus Compere, although this species falls closer to A. arizonensis and by compare A. arizonensis from the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History collection to original description of A. bambawalei they found that they are identical so, they conclude that A. bambawalei must be treated as a junior synonym of A. arizonensis.
This parasitoid is distributed in USA, India, Pakistan, China and Iran (Girault, 1915;Hayat, 2009;Bodlah et al., 2010;Chen Hua-Yan, et al., 2010 andFallahzadeh et al., 2014).In Egypt, until the end of 2015, the common encyrtid parasitoid of P. solanspis was Acerophagus gutierreziae Timberlake (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) (Attia and Awadallah, 2016).The aim of this work is to shed light on the new parasitoid and its hyperparasitoids associated with P. solenopsis infested different host plant at Giza region in Egypt.

Collection:
In June 2016, it was noticed that parasitoids emerged from mummies of the pseudococcid, Phenacoccus solenopsis located on the two ornamental host plants Lantana camara and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis.Accordingly, a survey was carried out during this month by samples of its branches 30 cm. long (ten replicates) infested with this pseudococcid.On the following month (July, 2016), other host plants infested with the same pest were added to be surveyed for the associated bio agents, with the same previous technique.These host plants were the three herbs Solanum nigrum, Bidens bipimata and Withania somnifera.
During study, it was noticed also that the rate of the female parasitoid A.
arizonensis emerged from the adult mummies of the mealybug varied from that emerged from gravid mummies.To ensure the presence of this phenomenon, 50 mummies of adult mealybugs and other 50 mummies of gravid mealybugs were isolated individually in glass tubes until emergence of associated bio-agents.

Statistical analysis:
One way A NOVA was performed to analyze obtained data.

Identification:
An unknown host plant of weed was identified as Bidens bipimata (Compositae) by Prof. Dr. Ahmed Sadek Kholousy at Weed Research Laboratory, Agric.Res.Center, Giza, Egypt.The new encyrtid parasitoid was identified by Dr. John Noyes (Natural History Museum) as Aenasius arizonensis (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae).

Aenasius arizonensis associated with Phenacoccus solenopsis on different host plants during June and July 2016:
The primary parasitoid, A. arizonensis is a solitary, endoparasitoid of P. solenopsis emerged from its adult stage.It was recorded for the first time on the two ornamental host plants L. camara and H. rosa -sinensis, with respective means of 9.8 and 5.1 individuals / branch during June 2016 at Giza region.Recorded means show significant differences between the population of A. arizonensis on the two previous host plants (LSD.05% was 1.14) (Table , 1).
The greatest count was reported for the insect hosts located on the host plant, S. nigrum, while the lowest one was for H. rosa-sinensis.Significant differences existed between the population of A. arizonensis on S. nigrum (13.6 individuals / branch) and both on L. camara (11.9 individuals / branch) and B. bipimata (11.0 individuals / branch) and both on W. somnifera (9.2 individuals / branch) and H. rosa-sinensis (9.0 individuals / branch) when the value of LSD.05 was 1.282 (Table,1).In this concern, Arif et al. (2012a) mentioned that, plant species play pivotal role in population dynamics of insect pest species and their associated entomophagous insects when found that, maximum population density of mummies (per 6 inch-twig) was (28.6) on shoeflower, followed by cotton (16.6), tomato (10.1), okra (10.9), sunflower (6.8), silvery (6.4) and lastly brinjal (4.8).

Month
Host The number of A. arizonensis females varied also with different host plants.During June the higher percent of females (63.95%) was reported on H. rosasinensis and the lower percent (49.09%) on L. camara; showing significant difference between their percents (LSD.05% was 4.841) ( Investigating the emerged Aenasius parasitoid and its associated hyperparasitoids from 50 mummies of mealybug adult females and other 50 mummies of mealybug gravid females, we recorded 80 emerged adult of A. arizonensis, 18 individuals of the common hyperparasitoid C. subaeneus and one individual of each of the two hyperparasitoids; Pachyneuron sp. and P. aegyptiacus (Fig. 1).Most of A. arizonensis females emerged from mummies of mealybug gravid females (85%) while most of A. arizonensis males emerged from mummies of mealybug adult females (87.5%) (Fig. 2).In this concern, Zain ul Abdin et al. (2013) found that, more female parasitoids emerged from the host 3 rd instar and adult stage of the mealybug, whereas the host 2 nd instar produced a significant higher proportion of males.Hyperparasitoids associated with the primary parasitoid A. arizonensis: Three hyperparasitoids were secured during the present investigation associated with the primary parasitoid A. arizonensis.

The hyperparasitoid, Chartocerus subaeneus:
It is a common gregarious hyperparasitoid.It reduced the population of A. arizonensis with a percent of 18 % (Fig. 1).A mean number of 3.95 ± 0.22 individuals emerged from each of a mummy mealybug female and 9.05 ± 0.60 individuals emerged from each of a mummy mealybug gravid female (Fig. 3).A significant difference existed between counts (10.8 and 8.9 individuals / branch) of the hyperparasitoid, C. subaeneus on the two host plants; L. camara and H. rosasinensis (LSD .05%was 0.843).
No hyperparasitoids emerged from the primary parasitoids located on the host plant; B. bipimata.On the other four host plants, the mean numbers of C. subaeneus ranged from 10.5 to 21.7 individuals / branch; the greatest count was recorded for L. camara and the lowest for H. rosa-sinensis.A significant difference existed between counts of the emerged hyperparasitoid on the four different host plants (LSD.05 was 1.430) during July 2016 (Table , 3).The hyperparasitoid, Pachyneuron sp.: No significant differences existed between counts (0.6, 0.5 individual / branch) of Pachyneuron sp. on the two host plants; L. camara and H. rosa-sinensis during June 2016 (Table,3).For this hyperparasitoid, mean numbers of 0.3, 0.4 and 0.7 individuals /branch emerged from the primary parasitoid located on the three host plants; W. somnifera, L. camara and H. rosa-sinensis respectively, while on the other two host plants; B. bipimata and S. nigrum, no individuals were reported (Table ,3).
Arif et al., (2012b)y, the highest percents (65.45% & 63.33%) were reported for the two host plants; B. bipimata and H. rosa-sinensis,.whilethelowest percent of females (42.39%) associated with the host plant W. somnifera.Intermediate values of 47.79% & 47.46% were reported for the two host plants; S. nigrum and L. camara (Table, 2).Arif et al., (2012b)mentioned that, on ornamental plants, parasitism by A. bambawalei was high (75.3%)during summer months of May -September.In (2012 a), Arif et al found that, population density of the adult female parasitoid, A. bambawalei showed significant differences on different host plant species.The highest population density of female parasitoid was captured from shoeflower (35.2 parasitoid females / sweep), followed by slivery (26.9 parasitoid females / sweep) and lastly on cotton (21.6 parasitoid females / sweep).Population density captured from sunflower, brinjal, tomato and okra ranged from 13.1 to 16.4 parasitoid females / sweep.

Table ( 3
): Mean numbers and sta s cal analysis of three hyperparasitoids emerged from the primary parasitoid; Aenasius arizonensis associated with Phenacoccus solenopsis on different host plants during June and July 2016 at Giza region.