Susceptibility of Some Legume Plants to Some Leaf Miners

Citation: Egypt. Acad. J. Biolog. Sci. (A. Entomology) Vol. 10(1)pp: 3539 (2017) Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences is the official English language journal of the Egyptian Society for Biological Sciences, Department of Entomology, Faculty of Sciences Ain Shams University. Entomology Journal publishes original research papers and reviews from any entomological discipline or from directly allied fields in ecology, behavioral biology, physiology, biochemistry, development, genetics, systematics, morphology, evolution, control of insects, arachnids, and general entomology. www.eajbs.eg.net Provided for non-commercial research and education use. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use.


INTRODUCTION
The legume plants as infested with different leaf miners which cause considerable damage in both quantity and quality of the leaves.Some of the species are known to be of great economic importance as Liriomza pisi (Winnertz); Lirimyza trifolli (Burgess) and Lirimyza congest (Becker).Burgio, et al. (2005) and El-Sayed et al. (2007).They cause any indirect damages by transmitting several microorganisms are of economic importance on many crops.Considered main insect pests infesting legume plants, cause serious damage to the plant, and yield (Shalaby, 2004 andShaalan 2005).This study aim susceptibility of some legume plants to some leaf miners infestation Liriomza pisi (Winnertz); Lirimyza trifolli (Burgess) and Lirimyza congest (Becker )during two successesive seasons.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
This experiment was carried out in an area of about 200m 2 that was cultivated with three legume plants 'broad bean, Vicia faba L.; peas green Pisum sativum L. and Common bean L. Phaselus vulgaris L. Seeds were sowing on Sebtember 21 th for 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 for nili plantation.The whole area divided into 9 replicates (of about 20m 2 ).Seeds of each variety were sown in three replicates.
Normal Agricultural practices followed except for keeping, the whole area free from any pesticides treatment.Sampling started after about one month from planting, prolonged to the harvesting time, 30 leaves/replicate of legume plants, and continued weekly until the end of season.The leaves picked, put in paper bags and transferred for examining in the laboratory under a stereomicroscope to determine the studied some leaf miners infestation.

Statistical analysis:
The statistical analysis (ANOVA and Simple correlation) of the obtained data were performed by using SAS program (SAS Institute, 1988) which run under WIN.Also the difference between means was conducted by using Duncan's multiple range tests in this program.1) show the infestation level of Lirimyza trifolli (Burgess) to three legume plants The recorded mean numbers all over the two seasons were (9.38; 11.6 & 10.75) and (2.5, ;5.4 & 3.6) imm./leafBroad bean; Peas green and Common bean respectively.Statistical analysis of the obtained data revealed significant differences between the population on Broad bean and the two others, while there were no significant differences in the population between Peas green and common bean.

Data in Table (
The differences in population mean number of Liriomza pisi (Winnertz) significantly higher on peas green as harbored the highest mean number (83.3imm./leaf),being significantly differ from common bean which showed moderate infestation (57.9 imm./leaf).On the other hand the lowest mean number was recorded 36.89imm./leaf on Broad bean during 2014/2015The recorded mean numbers were 25.70, 28.34 and 34.60 imm./leaf for Broad bean; Peas green and common bean during 2015/2016, respectively.
The relative population mean infesting Common bean leaves was also affected, significantly with Common bean during the two seasons Table (2).Data in Table (3) showed the variation of the mean numbers of Lirimyza congest (Becker) between the three legume plants.The mean number was recorded 38.30 individual/ leaf for Broad bean, while the Peas greencommon bean were recorder 39.30 and 41.20 imm./leaf during 2014/2015respectively.The highest mean number of Lirimyza congest (Becker) was 19.90 individual/ leaf on common bean, while the mean number of infestation on Broad bean; Peas green were 18.11 and 17.0 imm./leaf, during 2015/2016 respectively.
In this respect, Farrag et al. (1980) studied the relative susceptibility of five bean varieties to the spider mite, Tetranychus arabicus Attiah infestation.Tested varieties were divided into two groups, the first which was the most resistant including Seminole and three groups her poured the highest population and generally more susceptible to spider mite infestation, including Processor, Harvestor and Contender varieties.Sharif (1986) investigated the susceptibility of Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) broad bean (Vicia faba) and red clover for rearing and maintaining large numbers of T. urticae on P. vulgaris, V. faba and red clover were 60.5, 51.3 and 25.5, respectively.The 3 host plants varied in their susceptibility to T. urticae infestations, with P. vulgaris being the most susceptible and red clover least susceptible.susceptibility of 24 bean cultivars to whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.), the spider mite T. urticae and rust diseases with special reference to yield and pad characteristics was studied by Faris et al. (1991).They reviewed that, Morgan, Atlantic and Bronco cultivars were tolerant to mite infestation, while, Labrado and Demeter cultivars were more susceptible ones to the infestation with movable stages.On the other hand, Bronco and Morgan cultivars gave the highest yields beside its tolerance to rust.Regarding the width and thickness of green pods data showed that the Morgan and Bronco cultivars exhibited low value with extra fine of Morgan cultivar and narrow Bronco cultivar pods Aydemir and Toros (1992) in Turkey ,studied the effects of 8 varieties of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris ) on the survival and fecundity of Tetranychus urticae in the field .Survival and fecundity were found greatest on "Narman " and least on "Horoz"and "Sennilak".Megali et al. (1992) conducted field experiment to evaluate susceptibility of 16 pea cultivars to infestation by two-spotted spider mites, leafminers during winter seasons 1990 and 1991 in Qalybia Governorate and observed that, Danue, Norvist and Helka were the most tolerant to mite infestation than the other cultivars.Habashy (2000) carried out a field experiment to evaluate nine bean and twenty cowpea against two phytophagous mites T. urticae and T. cucurbitacearum at Qalyubiya Governorate.For the nine bean cultivars, she observed that the highest population of T. urticae occurred on Kentucky, Blue cultivar and Branco cultivar while the lowest number occurred on Monunert (Navy) cultivar In case of T. cucurbitacearum the highest population was recorded on Kentucky and Blue cultivar but the lowest one was reported on Sontae cultivar On the other hand, for the twenty-cowpea cultivars, the highest infestation of T. urticae occurred on IT8ID-994 cultivar and lowest one was found on H6-16 cultivar For T. cucurbitacearum, the highest occurrence was observed on IT8ID-994 cultivar Nevertheless the lowest was found on IT86D-1010 and H6-16 cultivars.

Table 3 :
Susceptibility of some legume plants to Lirimyza congest(Becker)