Describing Developmental Modules of Modularity and Integration in the Fore and Hind Wings of the Common Evening Brown Butterfly Melanitis leda Linnaeus (Nymphalidae: Lepidoptera) Using MINT Software

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines

Abstract

In this study, developmental modules of modularity and integration of the fore
and hind wings of Melanitis leda were described using the MINT software
(Modularity and Integration Tool, ver. 1.5, Marquez, 2008). A total of 195 points
were used to trace and outline the margins of the wings as well as the major veins.
The test was conducted based on a Wishart/Monte Carlo test on a total of 1,000
replicates. The best fit models are determined with the highest P-value and lowest
gamma value. Differences in ranks of the top 3 models were observed in both the fore
and hind wings of the butterfly. It was hypothesized to be caused by effects associated
with the environment, phenotypic plasticity or the signalling sources for position and
morphology of pattern elements which only covers short distances.

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