Seasonal incidence of scale insects, whiteflies and psyllids (Hemiptera) of olive and their natural enemies in Egypt

Scale insects, whiteflies and psyllids (Hemiptera) are the main olive pests in Egypt. The aim of this work is to study the incidence of
scale insects, whiteflies and psyllids and their natural enemies on olive trees
in different locations in Egypt
during 2009-2010. The results of the present work indicated that the seasonal
abundance of Lucaspis riccae Targioni-Tozzetti (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on olive trees reached maximum during
November and February in first and second
years, respectively. Percent parasitism by Aphytis libanicus Traboulsi (Hymenoptera:
Aphelinidae) reached maximum during
December with percent parasitism 11.1 and 12.2 %, during the two years under considerations,
respectively. The insect population of Parlatoria
oleae Leonardi (Hemiptera:
Diaspididae)
reached maximum during October, 2009-2010.
Percent parasitism by Aphytis lingnanensis Compere (Hymenoptera:
Aphelinidae) and Habrolepis aspidioti Compere and Annecke (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) reached
maximum during December and November with percent parasitism 6.5 and 12.5 in the first year,
respectively and in November in the second
year with percent parasitism 6.9
and 14.2 %, respectively. The predator Chilocorus bipustulatus L.
(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) reached maximum during February and March in the
first and second years, respectively. In this work the abundance of Saissetia
coffeae (Walker)
(Hemiptera: Coccidae) reached maximum
during October in the first and second years.  Percent parasitism by Metaphycus flavus
(Howard) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) reached maximum during October and September with parasitism rates 11.5 and 13.5 % during the first and second
years, respectively. The predator Scymnus syriacus (Marseul)
(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) reached maximum during October in the first and second years. The populations of Saissetia
oleae                    (Bernard) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) reached
maximum during October in the first
and second years. Percent parasitism of Metaphycus lounsburyi (Howard)
(Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) reached maximum during
October during the first and second years, with percent parasitism 34.2.1and 40.1 %
respectively. The predator Exochomus flavipes (Thunberg) (Coleoptera:
Coccinellidae) reached maximum during October
in the first and second years. The seasonal abundance of Aleurolobus
olivinus Silvestri (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) reached maximum during April in first and second years.
Percent parasitism by Encarsia
olivina (Masi) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) reached maximum during April during
the first and second years with
percent parasitism 0.6 and 0.5, respectively. The abundance of Siphoninus phillyreae
(Haliday) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) reached maximum during October in first and second years, respectively. Percent
parasitism by Encarsia inaron
(Walker),
(Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) reached maximum during
October in first and second years with percent parasitism 1.8 and 2.9%,
respectively. The results of the present study indicated that the seasonal
abundance of Euphyllura straminae Loginova (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) reached
maximum during March in the first
and second years. The predator Orius sp. reached maximum during March in the first and second years.